Effects of Brewer’s spent grain and carrot pomace on digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal and urinary metabolites in dogs fed low- or high-protein diets1

Eisenhauer, Laura; Vahjen, Wilfried; Dadi, Temesgen Hailemariam; Kohn, Barbara; Zentek, Jürgen

doi:10.1093/jas/skz264

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The intervention diet in this study consisted of many nutrients and dietary components that may have an influence on both health and GM composition, including water ( Cameron et al, 2011 ; Deng et al, 2014 ; Alexander, Colyer & Morris, 2014 ), prebiotic fibers ( Middelbos et al, 2010 ; Panasevich et al, 2015 ; Alexander et al, 2018 ; Eisenhauer et al, 2019 ), omega-3 fatty acids ( Bauer, 2011 ), carotenoids, and polyphenols ( Kolchin et al, 1991 ; Kim et al, 2000 ; Chew et al, 2000 ; Massimino et al, 2003 ; Hall et al, 2006 ; Carrera-Quintanar et al, 2018 ; Lyu et al, 2018 ), although high-quality extruded diets may include these nutrients and compounds as well. Nutrient and energy digestibility has also been observed to be different between extruded kibble and MC diets ( Algya et al, 2018 ), and it may facilitate differential impacts on health and GM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of gut microbial responses in healthy household dogs transitioning from an extruded to a mildly cooked diet

Tanprasertsuk¹,

Shmalberg

Maughan

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background The gut microbiota (GM) is associated with canine health and can be impacted by diet. Dog owners in the U.S. have increasingly shown an interest in feeding their dogs a mildly cooked (MC) diet. However, its impact on canine GM and health remains largely unknown. Methods Healthy household dogs were tracked upon switching from various brands of extruded to MC diets for four weeks. A health assessment was completed and stool samples were collected by each owner before (day 0) and after the diet transition (day 28). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed at both time points to characterize the GM. Results Dogs completed the study by either completing the health assessments (n = 31) or providing stool samples at both time points (n = 28). All owners reported either better or no change in overall health at the end of the study (61% and 39%, respectively), and none reported worse overall health. Defecation frequency was also reported to be lower (58%) or about the same (35%). Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis showed a significant shift (p = 0.004) in the β-diversity of the GM upon diet transition (34.2% and 10.3% explained by the first two axes). The abundances of 70 species increased after the diet change (adjusted p < 0.05), 67% and 24% of which belonged to the Lactobacillales and the Enterobacterales orders respectively. The abundances of 28 species decreased (adjusted p < 0.05), 46%, 18%, and 11% of which belonged to the Clostridiales, Bacillales, and Bacteroidales orders, respectively. Lower Lactobacillales and Enterobacterales, and higher Bacteroidales at baseline were associated with a greater shift along the PCo1 axis. Protein content of the baseline diet was correlated with the shift along the PCo1 axis (ρ = 0.67, p = 0.006). Conclusion Owners reported either improvement or no change in health in dogs transitioning from extruded kibble to MC diets for 4 weeks, but this report of health perception requires further exploration in a controlled trial. Diet change also led to a significant shift in the GM profile of healthy dogs. The magnitude of shift was associated with baseline GM and dietary protein, and warrants further examination of individualized responses and personalized nutrition in companion dogs. These results also support future investigation of the impact of a MC diet on health maintenance given its increasing popularity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of gut microbial responses in healthy household dogs transitioning from an extruded to a mildly cooked diet

Tanprasertsuk¹,

Shmalberg

Maughan

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…The indoles and phenols in the urine were measured by gas chromatography (GC 6890 N, Agilent Technologies), as described by Eisenhauer et al. (2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the detection of indoxyl sulphate in the urine of the dogs, the method described by Curzon and Walsh (1962) was used. The indoles and phenols in the urine were measured by gas chromatography (GC 6890 N, Agilent Technologies), as described by Eisenhauer et al (2019).…”

Section: Materials and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary cellobiose on the intestinal microbiota and excretion of nitrogen metabolites in healthy adult dogs

Paßlack

Kohn

Vahjen

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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In order to evaluate the potential prebiotic effects of cellobiose, 10 healthy adult research beagle dogs received a complete diet containing 0, 0.5 and 1 g cellobiose/kg bodyweight (BW)/day. At the end of each feeding period, faeces, urine and blood of the dogs were collected. The results demonstrated a significant increase of faecal lactate concentrations, indicating a bacterial fermentation of cellobiose in the canine intestine. Along with this, a dose-dependent linear increase of the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the faeces of the dogs was observed (p = 0.014). In addition, a dosedependent increase (p < 0.05) of Alloprevotella, Bacteroides and Prevotella, and a linear decrease for unidentified Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.011) was observed when cellobiose was added to the diet, although the relative abundance of these genera was low (<1%) among all groups. The faecal pH was not affected by dietary cellobiose. Cellobiose seemed to modulate the excretion of nitrogen metabolites, as lower concentrations of phenol (p = 0.034) and 4-ethylphenol (p = 0.002) in the plasma of the dogs were measured during the supplementation periods. Urinary phenols and indoles, however, were not affected by the dietary supplementation of cellobiose. In conclusion, cellobiose seems to be fermented by the intestinal microbiota of dogs. Although no effect on the faecal pH was detected, the observed increase of microbial lactate production might lower the pH in the large intestine and consecutively modulate the intestinal absorption of nitrogen metabolites. Also, the observed changes of some bacterial genera might have been mediated by increased intestinal lactate concentrations or a higher relative abundance of lactobacilli. Whether these results could be considered as a prebiotic effect and used as a dietetic strategy in diseased animals to improve gut function or hepatic and renal nitrogen metabolism should be evaluated in future studies.

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“…Data on the digestive parameters and fecal microbial composition of dogs have also suggested that BSG can be used as a source of fiber in the canine diet (Eisenhauer et al 2019). Also, recently, BSG was used as a substrate to rear different insects, such as the black soldier fly larva (Hermetia illucens) and mealworm larva (Tenebrio molitor) (Mancini et al 2019;Melis et al 2019;Shumo et al 2019).…”

Section: Brewers' Spent Grain In Human and Animal Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of microorganisms on biotransformation of brewers’ spent grain

Bianco

Budroni

Zara

et al. 2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant by-product of brewing. Due to its microbiological instability and high perishability, fresh BSG is currently disposed of as low-cost cattle feed. However, BSG is an appealing source of nutrients to obtain products with high added value through microbial-based transformation. As such, BSG could become a potential source of income for the brewery itself. While recent studies have covered the relevance of BSG chemical composition in detail, this review aims to underline the importance of microorganisms from the stabilization/contamination of fresh BSG to its biotechnological exploitation. Indeed, the evaluation of BSG-associated microorganisms, which include yeast, fungi, and bacteria, can allow their safe use and the best methods for their exploitation. This bibliographical examination is particularly focused on the role of microorganisms in BSG exploitation to (1) produce enzymes and metabolites of industrial interest, (2) supplement human and animal diets, and (3) improve soil fertility. Emerging safety issues in the use of BSG as a food and feed additive is also considered, particularly considering the presence of mycotoxins. Key points • Microorganisms are used to enhance brewers’ spent grain nutritional value. • Knowledge of brewers’ spent grain microbiota allows the reduction of health risks.

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Effects of Brewer’s spent grain and carrot pomace on digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal and urinary metabolites in dogs fed low- or high-protein diets1

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Heterogeneity of gut microbial responses in healthy household dogs transitioning from an extruded to a mildly cooked diet

Heterogeneity of gut microbial responses in healthy household dogs transitioning from an extruded to a mildly cooked diet

Effects of dietary cellobiose on the intestinal microbiota and excretion of nitrogen metabolites in healthy adult dogs

The role of microorganisms on biotransformation of brewers’ spent grain

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