Effects of brain and trunk temperatures on exercise performance in goats

Caputa, Michael; Feistkorn, G.; Jessen, Claus

doi:10.1007/bf00590951

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…It is central temperature rather than local thermal afferent input from the skin that seems to be responsible for the alteration in neural drive (Thomas et al, 2006). This is supported by animal models that have observed rats to stop exercising in a hot environment at the same abdominal and cerebral temperatures regardless of the modification made to their initial temperature (Fuller et al, 1998) and goats to reduce velocity or refuse to move when cerebral temperature increases close to 42 1C (Caputa et al, 1986). In the human brain, heat loss is inadequate during prolonged exercise with hyperthermia, leading to higher brain than central temperature (Nybo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Local Vs Central Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Temperature and neuromuscular function

Racinais

Oksa

2010

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

226

177

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This review focuses on the effects of different environmental temperatures on the neuromuscular system. During short duration exercise, performance improves from 2% to 5% with a 1 1C increase in muscle temperature. However, if central temperature increases (i.e., hyperthermia), this positive relation ceases and performance becomes impaired. Performance impairments in both cold and hot environment are related to a modification in neural drive due to protective adaptations, central and peripheral failures. This review highlights, to some extent, the different effects of hot and cold environments on the supraspinal, spinal and peripheral components of the neural drive involved in the up-and downregulation of neuromuscular function and shows that temperature also affects the neural drive transmission to the muscle and the excitation-contraction coupling.

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Section: Local Vs Central Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Temperature and neuromuscular function

Racinais

Oksa

2010

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

226

177

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“…The attainment of T, , equal to 43°C has been reported to be associated with the onset of marked fatigue and/or an inability to continue exercising in horses (Hodgson et al 1990;Hodgson el al. 1993) and goats (Caputa et al 1986). T, , was selected as the temperature criterion for curtailment of the test, as changes are more rapid than changes in TREc and tend to follow the pattern of exercise more closely, whereas TREc may not peak until several minutes following cessation of exercise.…”

Section: United Kingdommentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological responses in nonheat acclimated horses performing treadmill exercise in cool (20°C/40%RH), hot dry (30°C/40%RH) and hot humid (30°C/80%RH) conditions

Marlin

Scott

Schroter

et al. 1996

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different environmental conditions on physiological response to exercise. Four winter acclimatised, nonheat acclimated horses of different breeds were exercised at 20°C/40%RH (CD), 30°C/40%RH (HD) and 30°C/80%RH (HH). The exercise test was designed to represent the structure and intensity of a One star Speed and Endurance test (competition exercise test [CET]). All 4 horses were able to complete the full CET (60 min + 30 min active recovery) in CD and HD, but only one horse completed the CET in HH. Two horses were stopped because of pronounced general fatigue and one because of a right atrial temperature (TRA) of 43°C. Oxygen uptake on each phase was not different between CD and HD, but was higher during Phases B, C and D in HH. Mean peak TRA at the end of Phase D was 40.3 ± 0.2, 41.6 ± 0.4 and 42 ± 0.3°C for CD, HD and HH, respectively. Corresponding, mean peak rectal temperatures (TREC) following Phase D were 39.5 ± 0.1, 40.6 ± 0.1 and 41.5 ± 0.1°C for CD, HD and HH, respectively. Mean time to peak TREC was 9.3 ± 1.1 (CD), 7.3 ± 1.8 (HD) and 10.8 ± 2.3 (HH) min and was not significantly different between conditions (P>0.05). Heat dissipation amounted to 83 ± 1, 73 ± 2 and 70 ± 1% of heat production in CD, HD and HH, respectively. Weight loss was significantly correlated with both body surface area (CD r = 0.85; HD r = 0.87; HH r = 0.81) and bodyweight (CD r = 0.97; HD r = 0.93; HH r = 0.94). The greatest weight loss recorded was 4.6% bodyweight in one horse in HD. The mean increase in exercise intensity over the whole CET (in terms of V̇O2) of HD and HH compared with CD was 5 ± 3 and 14 ± 3% higher, respectively. The exercise induced hyperthermia and the reduced capacity for heat dissipation produced partial compensatory responses in minute ventilation (V̇E), particularly during Phase C, when the horses were trotting. In HD, the increase in V̇E was achieved mainly through an increase in frequency, whilst in HH it was achieved through an increase in tidal volume (VT). The horses demonstrated a high degree of tolerance to environmental heat load, suggesting a high thermoregulatory capacity. However, for unacclimatised animals exercising in severely hot and humid conditions, performance may be limited.

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“…With cooling procedures and a return to normal T c , EEG waves are normalized (Dubois et al, 1980). During exercise, central command and electrical potentials of some brain regions are related to fatigue (Caputa et al, 1986). When investigating the EEG activity of exercising humans over the frontal cortex, Nielsen et al (2001) observed an initial increase in electrical activity during the transition from rest to exercise.…”

Section: Heat Exposure and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive function in hot environments: a question of methodology

Gaoua

2010

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The physiological responses of thermal stress and its consequences on health have been well documented. However, the effect on cognitive function remains equivocal despite a substantial number of studies conducted in the area. Methodological discrepancies across different studies have made it difficult to conclude whether or not heat exposure per se has an adverse effect upon cognitive function and under what specific environmental and physiological conditions these alterations appear. This article gives an overview of the different confounding factors that have made it difficult to make conclusive interpretations. In addition, the current state of knowledge is presented and discussed with reference to the Global Workspace theory. Although previously presented conclusions are promising, much remains to be completed before understanding the mechanisms that could explain the relationship between heat exposure and cognitive function. Finally, recommendations are presented for further research in this area.

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Effects of brain and trunk temperatures on exercise performance in goats

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Temperature and neuromuscular function

Temperature and neuromuscular function

Physiological responses in nonheat acclimated horses performing treadmill exercise in cool (20°C/40%RH), hot dry (30°C/40%RH) and hot humid (30°C/80%RH) conditions

Cognitive function in hot environments: a question of methodology

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