Effects of blood sample handling procedures on measurable inflammatory markers in plasma, serum and dried blood spot samples

Skogstrand, Kristin; Ekelund, Charlotte Kvist; Thorsen, Poul; Vogel, Ida; Jacobsson, Bo; Nørgaard‐Pedersen, Bent; Hougaard, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2008.04.006

Cited by 120 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These data demonstrate that IFN-␥ titers decreased over time, suggesting possible degradation of the protein at room temperature, since cytokines are small fragile proteins (32,33). Another possibility is that there may be a lower extraction rate of analyte from the older drier spots (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Investigating the Use of Protein Saver Cards for Storage and Subsequent Detection of Bovine Anti-Brucella abortus Smooth Lipopolysaccharide Antibodies and Gamma Interferon

Duncombe

Commander

Erdenliğ

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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c Brucella abortus, a smooth strain of the genus Brucella, is the causative agent of bovine brucellosis. To support the ongoing development of diagnostic tests for bovine brucellosis, the use of Protein Saver cards (Whatman) for bovine blood serum and plasma sample collection has been evaluated. These cards offer significant logistical and safety alternatives to transporting and storing liquid samples and may aid in diagnostic programs and validation studies. To evaluate the utility of these cards, 204 bovine blood serum samples from Brucella-infected and noninfected animals were stored on and eluted from the Protein Saver cards. Anti-Brucella smooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS) antibody titers for the serum eluates were compared to those of the unprocessed original serum samples by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed a highly significant correlation between titers from the serum eluates and the unprocessed sera. Therefore, under these circumstances, serum eluates and unprocessed serum samples may be used interchangeably. Blood plasma from 113 mitogen-stimulated whole-blood samples was added to and eluted from the Protein Saver cards. The gamma interferon (IFN-␥) titers in the plasma eluates were compared to those of the unprocessed plasma samples obtained by IFN-␥ ELISA. The results showed a significant correlation between the plasma eluates and the unprocessed plasma samples. To derive a signal in the plasma eluate, it was necessary to develop a novel and highly sensitive ELISA for the detection of IFN-␥. The serum samples stored on cards at room temperature over a 10-day period showed little variation in antibody titers. However, the plasma eluates showed a progressive loss of IFN-␥ recovery over 10 days when stored at room temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Investigating the Use of Protein Saver Cards for Storage and Subsequent Detection of Bovine Anti-Brucella abortus Smooth Lipopolysaccharide Antibodies and Gamma Interferon

Duncombe

Commander

Erdenliğ

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Details about collection and analysis methods were extracted as they are known to influence cytokine measurements. 9,10 When possible, we calculated summary statistics from individual case data. G.L.M.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome

et al. 2013

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Objectives: We conducted a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to determine whether complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is associated with a specific inflammatory profile and whether this is dependent on the duration of the condition.Methods: Comprehensive searches of the literature using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and reference lists from published reviews identified articles that measured inflammatory factors in CRPS. Two independent investigators screened titles and abstracts, and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments. Studies were subgrouped by medium (blood, blister fluid, and CSF) and duration (acute and chronic CRPS). Where possible, meta-analyses of inflammatory factor concentrations were performed and pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models.Results: Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and 15 in the meta-analysis.In acute CRPS, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I (sTNF-RI) and II (sTNF-RII) were significantly increased in blood. In chronic CRPS, significant increases were found in 1) TNFa, bradykinin, sIL-1RI, IL-1Ra, IL-2, sIL-2Ra, IL-4, IL-7, interferong, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products) in blood; 2) IL-1Ra, MCP-1, MIP-1b, and IL-6 in blister fluid; and 3) IL-1b and IL-6 in CSF. Chronic CRPS was also associated with significantly decreased 1) substance P, sE-selectin, sL-selectin, sP-selectin, and sGP130 in blood; and 2) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in CSF. Most studies failed to meet 3 or more of our quality criteria. Conclusion:CRPS is associated with the presence of a proinflammatory state in the blood, blister fluid, and CSF. Different inflammatory profiles were found for acute and chronic cases. GLOSSARY CI 5 confidence interval; CGRP 5 calcitonin gene-relaxed peptide; CRPS 5 complex regional pain syndrome; ET-1 5 endothelin-1; IL 5 interleukin; IP-10 5 interferon-inducible protein-10; MCP-1 5 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NPY 5 neuropeptide Y; PGE2 5 prostaglandin E2; SP 5 substance P; sTNF-R 5 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor; TNF 5 tumor necrosis factor.Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by severe pain, allodynia, hyperalgesia, and motor and autonomic signs and symptoms.1 Although the precise etiology of CRPS is unknown, persistent inflammatory activity has been demonstrated in a number of methodologically diverse studies.2-6 Although narrative reviews have attempted to synthesize these results, no systematic review including a rigorous quality assessment of original studies has been conducted. As such, no definitive conclusions can be drawn about the presence of inflammatory activity in CRPS, which limits the identification of potential targets for therapy. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. We aimed firstly to determine whether, in adults, CRPS is associated with a...

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“…Given the poor outcome of cytokine assays from plasma samples we also attempted to assay cytokines from DBS (256). Inflammatory markers are more stable in DBS, with measurable concentrations of cytokines found to be stable in DBS stored at different temperatures for many days when compared to DBS frozen immediately after preparation (although long-term storage at -20°C is considered optimal) (256).…”

Section: Assay Of Plasma Cytokine and Vitamin D Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory markers are more stable in DBS, with measurable concentrations of cytokines found to be stable in DBS stored at different temperatures for many days when compared to DBS frozen immediately after preparation (although long-term storage at -20°C is considered optimal) (256). Whilst measurable amounts of most cytokines have been found to be nearly constant in DBS stored up to 23 years, a marked decrease over time has been noted in measurable concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8, sIL-6ra, Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), CRP, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in stored DBS (257).…”

Section: Assay Of Plasma Cytokine and Vitamin D Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For measurement in plasma or serum, the most widely used analytical method is Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), where the concentrations measured depend on factors such as the antibodies used for calibration curves (294). For measurement of circulating levels of some inflammatory markers, DBS are superior to plasma or serum if samples cannot be prepared and frozen quickly (256). Cytokines can also be measured through gene expression in peripheral blood cells (302).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of cytokines and inflammatory markers in depression in adolescents

Mills¹

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Aims: The overarching hypothesis is that circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory markers are genetically associated with depression in adolescents.Specifically, it is hypothesised that there will be a correlation between variation in genetic risk of depression and genetic variation of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers. Methods:A systematic review of the literature was conducted to establish the current understanding of the relationship between inflammatory markers and depression in adolescents and to inform study design. Multiple approaches (including different types of genetic analyses and multiple data sets) were used to address the overarching hypothesis.A pilot study measuring cytokines, inflammatory markers, and other biomarkers involved in immune regulation (including Vitamin D, antibodies to infectious agents, and gliadin antibodies (found in coeliac disease)) was conducted in 107 monozygotic (MZ) and 160 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (mean age 16.2 years, standard deviation (SD) 0.25 years) from the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study. A clinical study was undertaken to collect biological samples and clinical data from an in-patient adolescent mental health unit. Investigation of the relationship between iron measures (altered in inflammatory states)and measures of depression was undertaken in community cohorts of twins and their parents (3,416 adolescents from 1,688 families, and 9,035 adults from 4,533 families). In the adolescent cohort, depressive measures were assessed through the Somatic and Psychological Health Report (SPHERE) (mean age 15.1 years (SD 3.2 years)). In the adult cohort, a quantitative score of depression was measured by the Delusions Symptoms State Inventory (DSSI) (mean age 23.2 years (SD 2.2 years)). Heritabilities of, and phenotypic and genetic correlations between, traits were estimated. Association analyses, genetic profile risk score analyses, and LD score analyses were also used to investigate the genetic relationship between the iron and depression measures. Genetic profile risk score analyses were used to explore the genetic relationship between these variables. Results:In the pilot study, cytokines that were successfully measured in plasma were found to be moderately heritable (transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), 0.57 (95% CI 0.26 -0.80) and tumour necrosis factor-receptor type 1 (TNFR1), 0.50 (95% CI 0.11-0.63)). A negative correlation between Vitamin D and the cytokine IL-18 (-0.14) was not statistically significant (p=0.054). However, major difficulties were encountered in measuring cytokines, in particular due to the low levels of circulating cytokines in healthy adolescents. Challenges were also encountered in the cytokines study of the clinical sample of adolescents, which were able to be broadly divided into patient factors, blood collection factors, and other data collection factors.Iron measures were found to be highly heritable in both adolescents and adults: The relationship between CRP and Major D...

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Effects of blood sample handling procedures on measurable inflammatory markers in plasma, serum and dried blood spot samples

Cited by 120 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating the Use of Protein Saver Cards for Storage and Subsequent Detection of Bovine Anti-Brucella abortus Smooth Lipopolysaccharide Antibodies and Gamma Interferon

Investigating the Use of Protein Saver Cards for Storage and Subsequent Detection of Bovine Anti-Brucella abortus Smooth Lipopolysaccharide Antibodies and Gamma Interferon

Inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome

The role of cytokines and inflammatory markers in depression in adolescents

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