Effects of bentonite on rumen fermentation and duodenal flow of dietary components in sheep fed palm kernel cake by-product

Ivan, M.; Neill, L; Alimon, R.; Jalaludin, S.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00216-4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Ehrlich and Davison (1997) reported that maize silage ration supplemented with bentonite for cows was increased rumen pH comparison with unsupplemented one. The same results with Marrero et al (1987) and Ivan et al (2001).were also outputted Nikkhah et al (2000) reported that zeolite has positive effect on pH rumen. Recently, Khachlouf et al (2018) found that the rumen pH was increased with zeolite.…”

Section: Rumen Liquor Parameterssupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of Toxin Binder on Productive Performance of Lactating Friesian Cows

Mehany

Shams

2019

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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Twenty Friesian cows with an average weight of 540  17.59 kg and running on 2nd to 5th lactating season were used at 60 days before calving and continued up to 120 days of lactation feeding trial to study the effect of toxin binder (bentonite and zeolite) on Productive Performance of Lactating Cows. Cows were randomly divided into four similar groups (n = 3). All cows were received basal rations (BR) that consists of concentrate feed mixture (CFM), corn silage (CS) and rice straw (RS). Group 1 received (BR) without supplement and served as control rations, whereas groups G2, G3 and G4 received control diet plus 2% Bentonite, 1% Bentonite plus 1% Zeolite or 2% Zeolite of DM intake as tested rations, respectively. Results showed that, supplemented groups were significant (P˂0.05) higher intake of total DM, TDN and DCP than unsuplemented group. Also on the same trend, the concentrations of pH and TVFA's were increased significantly (P˂0.05), while ammonia-N decreased significantly (P˂0.05) in supplemented groups compared to G1. Group 2 recorded significantly (P˂0.05) the highest concentrations of total protein, globulin, glucose and T3 and followed by G3 and G4, while G1 had the lowest values. While, albumin concentration decreased significantly (P˂0.05) with bentonite and zeolite additives. While, the concentrations of creatinine, urea, total lipid and Ca as well as the activity of AST and ALT were nearly similar for the different groups. Yield of actual milk and 4% FCM were significantly (P˂0.05) higher in G2 than those of G4 and G1, And no significant higher than G3 ration: G2 showed significantly (P˂0.05) the highest contents of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and TS, while G1 had the lowest values. Ash content in milk was nearly similar for the different groups. Bentonite and zeolite supplementation improved feed conversion, and G2 recorded the best one. The difference were only significant between bentonite ration (G2) and the control one (G1). Group2 recorded the highest daily feed cost, output of 4% FCM yield, net revenue and economic efficiency followed by G3 and G4, while G1 had the lowest feed cost, net revenue and economic efficiency, while feed cost per one kg 4% FCM was lower significantly (P˂0.05) with G2 followed by G3 and G4, while G1 had the highest value. In conclusion, bentonite supplement for lactating Friesian cows at the level of 2% of DM intake as toxin binder had the best positive effect on digestibility, rumen fermentation, some blood parameters, feed intake, milk yield and composition, feed conversion and economic efficiency, comparison with other supplemented rations and the control one (unsupplemented).

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Section: Rumen Liquor Parameterssupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of Toxin Binder on Productive Performance of Lactating Friesian Cows

Mehany

Shams

2019

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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“…Although the dietary bentonite supplement in the PKCbased sheep diet is not harmful to the rumen fermentation and to the duodenal supply of amino acids (Ivan et al, 2001a), its reducing effect on the accumulation of Cu in the Means within the same row followed by the same superscript letter are not statistically different at P . 0.05. ns 5 not statistically significant at P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of dietary molybdenum, sulfur and zinc on the excretion and tissue accumulation of trace elements in sheep fed palm kernel cake-based diets

Al-Kirshi

Alimon

Ivan

2011

Animal

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Twelve male 8-month-old lambs were used in a 6-month feeding experiment to determine the effects of dietary Mo, Mo 1 S and Zn supplements on the body retention and tissue accumulation of dietary Cu, Zn and Fe. The lambs were divided into four groups of three lambs each and each group was fed ad libitum one of four diets. A control diet was based on palm kernel cake (PKC) and grass hay. Three additional diets were the control supplemented with either Mo or Mo 1 S or Zn. At 3 months of the experiment, feces and urine were collected and sampled for 6 days. At the end of the experiment (6 months), blood was sampled and then the sheep were slaughtered. The liver and kidney were removed and sampled for chemical analysis. In comparison with the control, each dietary supplement decreased (P , 0.05) the Cu concentration in the liver, but only the Mo 1 S supplement decreased it to a safe range of below 350 mg/g dry matter. This was accompanied by the body retention of dietary Cu of 24.6%, 6.7%, 2.5% and 6.5% for the control, Mo, Mo 1 S and Zn treatments, respectively. The blood plasma concentration of Cu was decreased (P , 0.05) by the Zn supplement, but was not affected by other supplements (P . 0.05). It was concluded that from the supplements tested, only Mo 1 S appeared to be effective in reducing the retention and liver accumulation of the dietary Cu to prevent chronic Cu toxicity in sheep fed PKC-based diets.

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“…No effect on digestibility at supplementation of cow's diet with 1 % bentonite was found by Aguilera-Soto (2009). Ivan et al (2001) found that a palm kernel cake diet supplemented with 2 % bentonite had no noticeable effects on rumen fermentation. Similarly, bentonite had no effect on milk yield and quality, ruminal pH and fatty acid concentration but it decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen and digestibility of crude protein .…”

Section: Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as feed additive for all species

2011

EFS2

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Bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) is an additive proposed to be authorised as a substance for the reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins for all animal species at a recommended use level ranging from 0.05 and 0.3 % in complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel considers 0.5 % bentonite as safe for all target animal species. Since (i) bentonite is authorised as food additive without any restriction, (ii) natural montmorillonite is not genotoxic, and (iii) a 28-week toxicity study in rats showed dietary levels up to 2 % calcium montmorillonite without toxicity, the FEEDAP Panel considers that there is no safety concern for consumers. Bentonite is not irritant to skin and mildly irritant to eyes. Bentonite airborne dust is associated with elevated susceptibility to pulmonary infections. Bentonite is ubiquitous in the environment and is not expected to adversely affect the environment. In vitro systems demonstrated the ability of bentonite to adsorb aflatoxins in aqueous media at different pH values and to a lower degree in gastric juice. Since in vitro systems do not completely mimic the complex situations during digestion, an efficacy assessment requires a minimum of in vivo data. Two in vivo studies in dairy cows (< 5 µg AfB 1 /kg feed) demonstrated a significant reduction in AfB 1 excretion via milk by 0.03-1 % bentonite. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the bentonite under application has the potential to be efficacious as aflatoxin binder in feed of dairy cows, and extended this conclusion to all ruminants. The Panel was not in a position to assess the efficacy of the bentonite under application as aflatoxin binder for any other animal species than ruminants due to the absence of data. SUMMARYFollowing a request from of the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety for the target animals, consumer, user and the environment and the efficacy of the product bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite). Bentonite is currently authorised as binder, anticaking and anticoagulant agent. The applicant is now seeking authorisation for bentonite as a substance for the reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins, at a recommended use level ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 % in complete feed.Although no typical tolerance studies with bentonites were found in the literature, the varying bentonite levels (0.2-10 %) used in a multitude of studies (with poultry, ruminants and trout) allow performing an assessment of safety for the target animals. Levels of 1-2 % were tolerated if only zootechnical parameters were considered. However, already 0.5 % bentonite reduced the availability of the essential trace element manganese. Bentonites also interact with coccidiostats and other medicinal substances but apparently not with vitamins. The FEEDAP Panel considers, as a conservative estimate, 0.5 % bentonite to be safe for all target animal species.Since (i) bentonite is authorised as food additive without any restric...

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Effects of bentonite on rumen fermentation and duodenal flow of dietary components in sheep fed palm kernel cake by-product

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Toxin Binder on Productive Performance of Lactating Friesian Cows

Effect of Toxin Binder on Productive Performance of Lactating Friesian Cows

Effects of dietary molybdenum, sulfur and zinc on the excretion and tissue accumulation of trace elements in sheep fed palm kernel cake-based diets

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as feed additive for all species

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