Effects of antiorthostatic suspension and corticosterone on macrophage and spleen cell function

Kopydlowski, Karen M.; McVey, D. Scott; Woods, Keith M.; Iandolo, John J.; Chapes, Stephen K.

doi:10.1002/jlb.52.2.202

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Development of countermeasures to prevent those changes has become a critical issue to ensure the safety of space travelers. It has been shown that hindlimb unloading, a ground-based rodent model of spaceflight conditions, alters the immune response (14,24,29,30,45) and compromises resistance to infection (4,8,17,29,30). We have also shown that AHCC can be used as a countermeasure to reduce the effects of hindlimb-unloading conditions (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to hindlimb-unloading conditions induces muscle and bone loss and a fluid shift to the head, which are similar to changes induced in that area by spaceflight (20,(33)(34)(35)(36). The immune system is one of the important regulatory mechanisms affected by spaceflight (15, 23, 26, 40 -44, 46) and has been shown to be dramatically affected in groundbased models (14,24,29,30,45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions

Avilés¹,

Belay²,

Vance³

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions. J Appl Physiol 97: 1437-1444. First published June 11, 2004 10.1152 10. /japplphysiol.00259.2004 unloading is a ground-based model that simulates some of the aspects of spaceflight conditions, including lack of load bearing on hindlimbs and a fluid shift to the head. It has been shown that treatment with active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) restores resistance to infection in mice maintained under hindlimb-unloading conditions. The present study was designed to clarify the mechanisms by which AHCC enhances resistance to infection in this model. We hypothesized that oral administration of AHCC will enhance the function of the immune system, which could lead to the increased resistance to infection observed in this model. AHCC or the excipient was orally administered to mice, and the function of the immune system was assessed in spleen and peritoneal cells isolated from those groups. The results of the present study showed that administration of AHCC for 1 wk before and throughout the second day of the hindlimb-unloading period enhanced the function of the immune system assessed by spleen cell proliferation and cytokine production in spleens and nitric oxide and cytokine production in peritoneal cells. These findings suggest that AHCC can be used as a potent immunoenhancer, especially in cases in which the immune system is suppressed by any condition, including diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer.antiorthostatic; suspension; stress; mitogens; natural supplement; rodents ONE OF THE MAJOR LIMITATIONS to studying human physiology during and after spaceflight has been the relative infrequency of opportunities and the cost of spaceflight missions. As a result, research in this area has been conducted by using ground-based models (1). Hindlimb unloading of rodents is a ground-based model that has been used successfully to reproduce many of the effects of spaceflight on the physiology of the host (1). Exposure to hindlimb-unloading conditions induces muscle and bone loss and a fluid shift to the head, which are similar to changes induced in that area by spaceflight (20,(33)(34)(35)(36). The immune system is one of the important regulatory mechanisms affected by spaceflight (15, 23, 26, 40 -44, 46) and has been shown to be dramatically affected in groundbased models (14,24,29,30,45).Numerous substances have been used to revitalize the immune response of hosts with impaired function of the immune system (21, 27). Many of them are natural compounds that have proven to be nontoxic for humans and with great potential for anticancer activity (9, 31, 39, 48). Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC), an extract prepared from cocultured mycelia of several species of Basidiomycete mushrooms, has received special attention in the past few years (21). AHCC is commercially used as a nutritional supplement and contain a mixture of polysaccharides, amino acids, and mine...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions

Avilés¹,

Belay²,

Vance³

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although it appears that susceptibility to infection depends on the status of the host, there are other mechanisms related with growth and virulence of bacteria that are important to be considered. In vitro studies have shown that catecholamines have a direct effect on bacterial growth and expression of virulence factors in organisms growing under defi ned conditions [47][48][49] . It is possible that during infection of hindlimb-unloaded mice, the effects of the neuroendocrine system could not only be on the immune system, but also on the rate of growth of bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Space Flight Conditions on the Function of the Immune System and Catecholamine Production Simulated in a Rodent Model of Hindlimb Unloading

Avilés

Belay

Vance

et al. 2005

Neuroimmunomodulation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rodent model of hindlimb unloading has been successfully used to simulate some of the effects of space flight conditions. Previous studies have indicated that mice exposed to hindlimb-unloading conditions have decreased resistance to infections compared to restrained and normally housed control mice. Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanisms involved in resistance to infection in this model by examining the effects of hindlimb unloading on the function of the immune system and its impact on the production of catecholamines. Methods: Female Swiss Webster mice were hindlimb-unloaded during 48 h and the function of the immune system was assessed in spleen and peritoneal cells immediately after this period. In addition, the kinetics of catecholamine production was measured throughout the hindlimb-unloading period. Results: The function of the immune system was significantly suppressed in the hindlimb-unloaded group compared to restrained and normally housed control mice. Levels of catecholamines were increased in the hindlimb-unloaded group and peaked at 12 h following the commencement of unloading. Conclusion: These results suggest that physiological responses of mice are altered early after hindlimb unloading and that catecholamines may play a critical role in the modulation of the immune system. These changes may affect the ability of mice to resist infections.

show abstract

“…After centrifugation the samples were ".~ashed h~ice and resuspended in 500 p.1 HBSS. Cells were analyzed on a FACScan flow evtometer (Beclon-Dickinson) as was previously described (25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage cell lines derived from major histocompatibility complex II-negative mice

Beharka

Armstrong

Chapes

1998

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two bone-marrow-derived macrophage cell lines, C2D and C2Dt, were isolated from major histocompatibility class II negative knock-out mice. The C2D cell line was stabilized by continuous culture in colony-stimulating factor-1 and the C2Dt cell line was transformed with SV40 virus large T antigen. These cells exhibited phenotypic properties of macrophages including morphology and expression of Mac 1 and Mac 2 cell surface molecules. These cells also had comparable growth to the bone-marrow-derived macrophage cell line B6MP102. These new cell lines were not spontaneously cytotoxic and were only capable of modest killing of F5b tumor cells when stimulated with LPS and interferon-gamma, but not when stimulated with LPS alone or with staphylococcal exotoxin. C2D and C2Dt cells phagocytosed labeled Staphylococcus aureus similarly to B6MP102 cells but less well than C2D peritoneal macrophages. These cell lines secreted interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor or nitric oxide in response to LPS or staphlococcal enterotoxins A or B C2D(t) cells were tumorigenic in C2D and C57BL/6J mice but C2D cells were not. These data suggest that macrophage cell lines can be established from bone marrow cells of major histocompatibility complex II-negative mice.

show abstract

Effects of antiorthostatic suspension and corticosterone on macrophage and spleen cell function

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions

Effects of Space Flight Conditions on the Function of the Immune System and Catecholamine Production Simulated in a Rodent Model of Hindlimb Unloading

Macrophage cell lines derived from major histocompatibility complex II-negative mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About