Effects of antibiotic therapy on the gastrointestinal microbiota and the influence ofLactobacillus casei

Abstract

Aims of methods. Effects of intervention with Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD), Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and changes in faecal microbiota were analysed using C. difficile ELISA (678 patients), qPCR using 16S rRNA group-specific primers, C. difficile-toxin kit and polymerase chain reaction/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (56 patients). Results. As much as 18.5% of antibiotic treated group developed AAD, but only 5% of patients treated with antibiotics and LcS. Following antibiotic therapy, a decrease in the abundance of total Bacteria, Clostridium cluster IV and XI, Bifidobacterium spp. and butyryl-CoA CoA transferase genes was observed, whereas Enterobacteriaceae increased. LcS intervention reduced the antibiotic-associated decrease in the diversity of microbiota, increased the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and reduced the antibiotic-induced decrease of Bifidobacterium spp. Conclusions. Antibiotic treatment affects the diversity and the composition of the microbiota impairing butyrate production. Intervention with certain Lactobacillus strains may antagonise some of these changes, and more potent short-chain fatty acid-stimulating probiotics are desirable for intervention in AAD.

Honey and quercetin reduce ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage in the liver and the kidney through the modulation of intestinal microflora

“…There is evidence that colonic probiotic bacteria, including LAB such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacteria (De Petrino, De Jorrat, De Budeguer, & Perdigón, 1997;Pirker et al, 2013), may positively modulate certain colon microbial enzymes that play a role in diet-related diseases (Oršolić, 2009). For example, β-glucuronidase is an inducible enzyme elaborated by anaerobic E. coli, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides and Clostridia.…”

Probiotics and Antibiotic Use

“…From clinical point of view, probiotic supplementation resulted in reduced diarrhea-like bowel movements (Koning et al, 2008), and reduced AAD incidence (Pirker et al, 2013). In the other studies (Engelbrektson et al, 2009;Plummer et al, 2005), no clinical outcomes were reported.…”

“…In a randomized controlled trial, 40 healthy subjects were administered a probiotic combination (Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04, B. lactis Bi-07, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 and Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-02) or placebo during and after a 7-day challenge with a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate. Similarly, in a probiotic intervention study, a 5-day antibiotic treatment reduced the diversity and abundance of fecal bacterial groups in 56 patients, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (Pirker et al, 2013). The similarity of bacterial community to baseline was decreased significantly during antibiotic treatment.…”

“…In the other studies (Engelbrektson et al, 2009;Plummer et al, 2005), no clinical outcomes were reported. When considering the above described studies, the probiotic administration was linked to decreased reduction or increase of both Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides (Engelbrektson et al, 2009;Pirker et al, 2013;Plummer et al, 2005). These bacterial groups are important saccharolytic groups in the colon, which produce SCFAs.…”

Bacterial Diversity in Traditional Doogh in Comparison to Industrial Doogh

“…The means and their variances were calculated for copies in PCR replicas according to [20]. We used tenfold serial DNA dilutions of L. Shirota as well as a mix of strains previously used and described by Pirker et al [26] to construct standard curves for evaluating PCR reaction efficiency. Further, the copy numbers of these standards were used to calculate DNA copies/µl per sample.…”