Effects of alcohol on baseline startle and prepulse inhibition in young men at risk for alcoholism and/or anxiety disorders.

Grillon, Christian; Sinha, Rajita; Ameli, Rezvan; O’Malley, Stephanie S.

doi:10.15288/jsa.2000.61.46

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Consistent with prior studies (Hutchison et al 1997;Grillon et al 2000), alcohol robustly diminished the magnitude of the startle response. There were no significant correlations between magnitude of the startle response and %PPI for any trial type in any block (r<€0.15), suggesting that the effect of alcohol on startle magnitude did not confound the effect of alcohol on PPI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Despite the lack of a significant interaction between alcohol and attention, there was evidence that alcohol reduced PPI in both the attend and ignore conditions, consistent with a previous report in which alcohol decreased PPI in general (Grillon et al 2000). Because attentional modulation of PPI putatively reflects a voluntary process while PPI in general reflects an involuntary sensorimotor gating mechanism (see Filion et al 1998), it seems likely that alcohol may influence this more general form of involuntary sensorimotor gating rather than voluntary attentional mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Analyses indicated that startle latency decreased in the attend conditions across trials, while startle latency did not decrease across trials in the ignore condition (P<0.05) studies have suggested that the magnitude of the startle response is a marker for vulnerability to anxiety and alcoholism (e.g. Grillon et al 1998Grillon et al , 2000. However, these prior studies did not examine the association between the effects of alcohol on startle magnitude and PPI and the risk for alcoholism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Faraday et al 1999;Hutchison et al 2000). With respect to alcohol, one study was inconclusive regarding the effect of alcohol on PPI (Weiss et al 1993), while another study suggested that alcohol decreased PPI (Grillon et al 2000). Because the focus of attention (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Startle magnitude and prepulse inhibition: effects of alcohol and attention

et al. 2003

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Startle magnitude and prepulse inhibition: effects of alcohol and attention

et al. 2003

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“…A common finding is that alcohol significantly diminishes the magnitude of the startle response [71,58]. Moreover, a significant association between startle magnitude after alcohol consumption and the frequency of drinking alcohol has been shown [70].…”

Section: The Startle Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic alcoholism: Insights from neurophysiology

Campanella¹,

Petit²,

Maurage³

et al. 2009

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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SummaryIntroduction. -Increasing knowledge of the anatomical structures and cellular processes underlying psychiatric disorders may help bridge the gap between clinical signs and basic physiological processes. Accordingly, considerable insight has been gained in recent years into a common psychiatric condition, i.e., chronic alcoholism. Material and methods. -We reviewed various physiological parameters that are altered in chronic alcoholic patients compared to healthy individuals -continuous electroencephalogram, oculomotor measures, cognitive event-related potentials and event-related oscillations -to identify links between these physiological parameters, altered cognitive processes and specific clinical symptoms. Results. -Alcoholic patients display: (1) high beta and theta power in the resting electroencephalogram, suggesting hyperarousal of their central nervous system; (2) abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements, in saccadic inhibition during antisaccade tasks, and in prepulse inhibition, suggesting disturbed attention modulation and abnormal patterns of prefrontal activation that may stem from the same prefrontal ''inhibitory'' cortical dysfunction; (3) decreased amplitude for cognitive event-related potentials situated along the continuum of informationprocessing, suggesting that alcoholism is associated with neurophysiological deficits at the level of the sensory cortex and not only disturbances involving associative cortices and limbic structures; and (4) decreased theta, gamma and delta oscillations, suggesting cognitive disinhibition at a functional level. Discussion. -The heterogeneity of alcoholic disorders in terms of symptomatology, course and outcome is the result of various pathophysiological processes that physiological parameters * Corresponding author. E-mail address: salvatore.campanella@chu-brugmann.be (S. Campanella).

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Startle Reflex and Psychophysiology

Meehan¹,

Miranda²

2013

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology

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Effects of alcohol on baseline startle and prepulse inhibition in young men at risk for alcoholism and/or anxiety disorders.

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Startle magnitude and prepulse inhibition: effects of alcohol and attention

Startle magnitude and prepulse inhibition: effects of alcohol and attention

Chronic alcoholism: Insights from neurophysiology

Startle Reflex and Psychophysiology

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