Effects of aged garlic extract on arterial elasticity in a placebo‑controlled clinical trial using EndoPAT™ technology

Gruenwald, Joerg; Bongartz, Udo; Bothe, Gordana; Uebelhack, Ralf

doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8378

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Nevertheless, no changes were observed in endothelial-relaxation capacity measured by RHI and AI 75 indexes in this study. A similar finding is reported with other garlic extracts [31]. Interestingly, the changes in RHI were higher in subjects with higher initial values of RHI, suggesting that the volunteers that presented a reduced vasodilation capacity after hypoxia would not respond to ABG-extract treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial

Serrano,

Castro-Boqué,

García-Carrasco

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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The use of garlic (Allium sativum) for treating arterial hypertension has been recognized as effective for several decades. However, tolerance to treatment is low, and several technological modifications have been developed to improve its tolerability, such as the aging process at controlled temperature and humidity. This study aims to validate the antihypertensive effects of an optimized extract of aged black garlic with low doses of s-allyl-cysteine (SAC) in a Grade I hypertensive population with drug treatment. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial was developed, where a daily supplementation with 0.25 mg/day of SAC for 12 weeks was performed. A reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 1.8 mmHg (0.7 to 4.1 95% CI) and 1.5 mmHg (0.3 to 3.0 95% CI), respectively, was observed. Similarly, an increase in blood nitric oxide (10.3 µM, 1.1 to 19.5 95% CI) and antioxidant capacity (7 × 10−3 µM TE/min, (1.2 to 13 × 10−3 95% CI) and a reduction in uric acid levels (−0.3 mg/dL, −0.5 to −0.001 95% CI) and ACE activity (−9.3 U/L; −18.4 to −0.4 95% CI) were observed. No changes in endothelial function and inflammatory cytokines were observed. It was concluded that low-dose SAC supplementation in an optimized black-garlic extract allows for an extra-significant reduction in blood pressure in a Grade I hypertensive population receiving drug treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial

Serrano,

Castro-Boqué,

García-Carrasco

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Scientific research exploring the medicinal properties of garlic, focuses on allicin, diallyl sulfate and other diallyls ( 1 ). The Allium species, including garlic, contain sulfoxides with unique medicinal properties, including antioxidant ( 2 ), anti-cancer ( 3 ), anti-viral, anti-microbial ( 4 ) and anti-fungal properties ( 5 ), and have been used in the treatment of diabetes ( 6 , 7 ) and periodontal disease ( 8 , 9 ) and for potentially preventing cardiovascular ( 10-12 ) and neurodegenerative diseases ( 13 , 14 ). This great variety in therapeutic properties is the factor that has motivated such extensive research into garlic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes encoding γ‑glutamyl‑transpeptidases in the allicin biosynthetic pathway in garlic (Allium sativum)

Baltzi,

Papaloukas,

Spandidos

et al. 2024

Biomed Rep

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Allicin is a thiosulphate molecule produced in garlic ( Allium sativum ) and has a wide range of biological actions and pharmaceutical applications. Its precursor molecule is the non-proteinogenic amino acid alliin (S-allylcysteine sulphoxide). The alliin biosynthetic pathway in garlic involves a group of enzymes, members of which are the γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase isoenzymes, Allium sativum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase AsGGT1, AsGGT2 and AsGGT3, which catalyze the removal of the γ-glutamyl group from γ-glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine to produce S-allyl-L-cysteine. This removal is followed by an S-oxygenation, which leads to the biosynthesis of alliin. The aim of the present study is to annotate previously discovered genes of garlic γ-glutamyl-transpeptidases, as well as a fourth candidate gene (AsGGT4) that has yet not been described. The annotation includes identifying the loci of the genes in the garlic genome, revealing the overall structure and conserved regions of these genes, and elucidating the evolutionary history of these enzymes through their phylogenetic analysis. The genomic structure of γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase genes is conserved; each gene consists of seven exons, and these genes are located on different chromosomes. AsGGT3 and AsGGT4 enzymes contain a signal peptide. To that end, the AsGGT3 protein sequence was corrected; four indel events occurring in AsGGT3 coding regions suggested that at least in the garlic variety Ershuizao, AsGGT3 may be a pseudogene. Finally, the use of protein structure prediction tools allowed the visualization of the tertiary structure of the candidate peptide.

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of AGE on hypertension (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), atherosclerosis (13)(14)(15), metabolic syndrome (16), and gingivitis (17). Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that AGE and its constituents, SAC and S1PC, exert such desirable effects as anti-hypertension (18)(19)(20)(21)(22), cardioprotection (23), antioxidation (24)(25)(26)(27), antiaging (27,28), i m munomodulation (29)(30)(31), a nti-fatig ue (32,33), anti-stress (34,35), anti-inflammation (36)(37)(38)(39), and liver protection (40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway

2020

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Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to improve peripheral circulatory disturbances in both clinical trials and experimental animal models. To investigate the effect of S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur compound in AGE, on cold-induced reduction in tail blood flow of rat, Wistar rats were individually placed in a restraint cage and given the treatment with cold water (15˚C) after the oral administration of AGE or its constituents S1PC, S-allylcysteine (SAC) and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). After the cold-treatment the tail blood flow of rats was measured at the indicated times. The pretreatment with AGE (2 g/kg BW) and S1PC (6.5 mg/kg BW) significantly alleviated the reduction of rat tail blood flow induced by cold treatment. The effect of S1PC was dose-dependent and maximal at the dose of 6.5 mg/kg BW, whereas SAC and SAMC were ineffective. To gain insight into the mechanism of S1PC action, the concentration of nitrogen oxide metabolites (NOx) in the plasma and the levels of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the aorta were measured. The pretreatment with S1PC significantly increased the plasma concentration of NOx as well as the level of phosphorylated form of AMPK and eNOS in the aorta after cold-treatment. The present findings suggest that S1PC is a major constituent responsible for the effect of AGE to alleviate the cold-induced reduction of peripheral blood flow in rat by acting on the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway in the aorta.

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Effects of aged garlic extract on arterial elasticity in a placebo‑controlled clinical trial using EndoPAT™ technology

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial

Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial

Genes encoding γ‑glutamyl‑transpeptidases in the allicin biosynthetic pathway in garlic (Allium sativum)

S‑1‑Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold‑induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway

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