Effects of Age, Sex, and Reproductive Status on Flight by the Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Stewart, Scott; Gaylor, M. J.

doi:10.1093/ee/23.1.80

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…This pattern is not necessarily confirmed for other parasitoids, for example flight duration of Nasonovia vitripennis (Walker) did not show any differences between young and old individuals (King 1993). The particular relationship between age and flight capacity has been attributed to species-specific temporal changes in physiological status (Stewart and Gaylor 1994;Rygg 1996;Shirai 1998;Saito 2000). Also, body energy reserves and regular consumption of certain foods, for example (extra)floral nectar, affected the relationship between parasitoid flight performance and age (e.g., Casas et al 2003;Wanner et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Wasps were first anesthetized with CO 2 for *30 s and then attached with their pronotum to the distal end of the flight mill arm, using a droplet of super glue (Alteco Glue, Wuxi, China) (Stewart and Gaylor 1994). Anesthesia with CO 2 is commonly used in laboratory experiments and generally does not affect parasitoid survival (Greany et al 1976).…”

Section: Flight Mill and Tethered Flightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flight potential of Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of various lepidopteran pests

Zhang

et al. 2008

BioControl

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The efficacy of using natural enemies to control pests under field conditions largely depends on their mobility and, more specifically, on their capacity to quickly locate pest infestation. For many natural enemies, for example parasitoids, mobility is directly related to flight aptitude, which is determined by the capacity and inclination of a species to engage in flight. In this study, we determined the various factors that affected flight performance of Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), using a computer-monitored flight mill. No differences were found in flight performance (i.e., flight distance, duration, speed) between both sexes of M. mediator, and flight capacity increased up to an age of 5-7 days followed by a gradual decline afterwards. For one-day-old female parasitoids, mean (±SE) flight distance and duration were 6.23 ± 0.88 km and 85.15 ± 14.44 min, respectively, with a maximum flight distance of 18.0 km. For male parasitoids, mean flight distance and duration were 5.27 ± 0.51 km and 85.74 ± 7.63 min, respectively. Mating status did not affect flight performance of males, while flight distance of four-day-old ovipositing M. mediator females was much lower than that of un-mated females of the same age. Un-mated adults flew most actively at 22-24°C and inclination to fly gradually declined with decreasing temperature. Temperatures above 26°C considerably reduced flight activity of M. mediator. Wasps engaged in normal flight under a broad range of relative humidity (RH) conditions, with an optimum RH range identified as 75-90%. Our research shows that M. mediator is a highly active parasitoid, because both sexes show great inclination to fly under a range of environmental conditions and flight capacity at different ages. Our results can help explain parasitoid performance in the field and provide baseline information to help guide augmentative releases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Flight Mill and Tethered Flightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight potential of Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of various lepidopteran pests

Zhang

et al. 2008

BioControl

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“…Also, there is no information about the activity of reproductively immature bugs. In other heteropteran species, migratory or flight behavior under the control of circadian rhythm or in relation to age has been investigated (Caldwell and Rankin 1974;Stewart and Gaylor 1994;Dingle 1996), and the physiological status, which changes by time of day and throughout their lifetime, is known to alter their locomotion activity. Thus, we hypothesized that the dispersal activity of L. chinensis adults changes according to their physiological status during their lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal locomotion activity of adult rice bug, Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae), at different ages, measured by actograph and video camera

et al. 2011

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To elucidate the relationship between locomotion activity and reproductive status versus age after eclosion of the rice bug, Leptocorisa chinensis, locomotion activity and mating behavior were investigated by use of an actograph and video recording system. Locomotion activity of males and females 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after eclosion was recorded. High locomotion activity was observed in the scotophase. In both sexes, the activity pattern changed with age; that is, settling mode was observed in younger (3 and 7 days old) individuals and locomotion mode in older (14 and 21 days old) individuals. Locomotion activity in the scotophase in settling-mode individuals was lower than in locomotion-mode individuals, and they often stayed on rice panicles all day. On the other hand, the activity of locomotion-mode individuals was high throughout the scotophase. Most locomotion-mode males had mature gonads. Courtship and mating behavior occurred in the scotophase. The results indicate that L. chinensis adults spend a lot of time on food plants and their gonads develop during the young, teneral period. They subsequently change to the locomotive mode and move around, probably for reproductive activity.

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“…Most of the host plants are broad-leaved dicotyledonous plants, including many weed species (Hardman et al, 2004). As L. lineolaris adults are able to fly more than 12 km in 12 h at a speed of 0.45 m s -1 (Stewart & Gaylor, 1994) or 5.12 km without interruption (MacCreary, 1965), crop to crop movements are likely to happen at larger scales (i.e. agroecosystems).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) adults monitored around the periphery and inside a commercial vineyard

Fleury¹,

Mauffette²,

Méthot³

et al. 2010

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), is a highly polyphagous pest that feeds on a broad range of economically important crops in North America. Flying L. lineolaris adults can move from crop to crop rapidly and easily. Little is known about the movement of L. lineolaris in or near vineyards. From May to October 2002 and 2003, 39 white sticky traps were positioned inside and at the periphery of a vineyard to study the movements of tarnished plant bug adults. Tarnished plant bug captures were most numerous from the end of July to mid August, with captures of ca. 3000 individuals in one week. During the vegetative season, most individuals were captured flying in and around the vineyard at a height of between 40 and 60 cm. The frequency with which the weeds were mown affected the numbers of adults captured. At the periphery of the vineyard, tarnished plant bug was more abundant near perennial vegetation, which tends to be stable (an apple orchard, a spruce wood), than in the vineyard where agronomic activities changed the availability of food. The tarnished plant bug adults did not hibernate in the vineyard. It is suggested that appropriate weed management will reduce the abundance of tarnished plant bugs in vineyards as it would deprive them of a number of suitable hosts for feeding and oviposition.

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Effects of Age, Sex, and Reproductive Status on Flight by the Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Flight potential of Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of various lepidopteran pests

Flight potential of Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of various lepidopteran pests

Diurnal locomotion activity of adult rice bug, Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae), at different ages, measured by actograph and video camera

Activity of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) adults monitored around the periphery and inside a commercial vineyard

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