Effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on circulating apelin-12 and apelin-36 concentrations in obese middle-aged women: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundThe risk for obesity-related diseases increases with the prevalence of obesity. In obesity, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue induce inflammation, causing adverse effects. Recently, adipokines such as apelin, visfatin, and chemerin have been studied. Long-term resistance training improves health in middle-aged women by improving metabolic risk factors, body composition, and muscle strength. However, there is still a lack of evidence on the association of apelin concentration with different exercise types in middle-aged obese women This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercises on apelin-12 and apelin-36 levels and thereby verify the effects of different exercise types in obese, middle-aged women.MethodsParticipants were middle-aged women aged 50–61 years, with no experience of systematic exercise in the last 6 months, and met the WHO obesity criteria for the Asia-Pacific region of waist circumference ≥ 80 cm and body fat percentage ≥ 30%. Subjects were selected and allocated to the aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or no exercise group by block randomization. Body weight, body fat, and body mass index were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Analysis of variance, the t-test, and Tukey’s post-hoc test were performed.ResultsA total of 24 participants were selected with eight participants in each group. Both aerobic and resistance exercises were effective in altering the physical composition, showing significant decreases in weight, waist circumference, BMI, and body fat. The aerobic and resistance exercise group showed a significant, positive change in apelin-12 levels.ConclusionsIn obese individuals, aerobic and resistance exercise were effective in improving obesity and reducing blood apelin-12 concentration, which is closely correlated with indicators of metabolic syndrome.Future research should focus on comparing the response of apelin to exercise in obese subjects treated with only dietary control and the response in the obese subjects of different ages and sex.Trial registrationNo. 1040917–201,506-BR-153-04, Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea (05 October 2018, retrospectively registered).

Semaphorin 3 C is a Novel Adipokine Representing Exercise-Induced Improvements of Metabolism in Metabolically Healthy Obese Young Males

“…In line with these, serum apelin level, in our study, exhibited positive correlations with BMI, % total fat, % body fat, and WC, FPI, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β, and a negative correlation with QUICKI. Our endurance exercise program significantly reduced serum apelin, as previous studies did 45,50,51 ; this change, however, correlated only with the change in WC among anthropometric measures. We measured apelin-13, among its various fractions, which may represent the adipocyte-derived apelin as it is cleaved by subtilisin/kexin 3 (PCSK3), whose expression is increased in adipose tissue with obesity 52 , while others measured different fractions; therefore, further studies measuring the identical apelin fraction is warranted to investigate the effects of exercise on adipose tissue-derived apelin.…”

Resistance training effectiveness on body composition and body weight outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…After excluding 1080 records due to their irrelevance to the research question, 1657 were considered eligible for full‐text assessment (Figure 1). A total of 116 articles 24–139 describing 114 independent trials were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis with 23 articles examining children or adolescents, 24–46 30 articles examining young adults, 47–76 38 articles examining middle‐aged adults,…”

Exercise training modulates adipokine dysregulations in metabolic syndrome

“… 130 Jang et al. 131 and Nikseresht et al. 132 suggested a significant elevation in apelin only following AT, but not RT in obese individuals.…”