Effects of additional starch or fat in late-gestating high nonstarch polysaccharide diets on litter performance and glucose tolerance in sows1,2

Abstract

The effects of feeding additional starch or fat from d 85 of gestation until parturition on litter performance and on glucose tolerance in sows that were fed a diet with a high level of fermentable nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) were studied. The day after breeding, 141 multiparous sows were assigned to the experiment. At d 85 of gestation, sows were assigned to the treatments. Sows were fed 3.4 kg/d (as-fed basis) of a high-NSP diet or the same quantity of the high-NSP diet and an additional 360 g of starch (from wheat starch) daily, or the same quantity of the high-NSP diet and an additional 164 g of fat (from soybean oil) daily. During lactation, all sows were given free access to the same lactation diet. Approximately 1 wk before the expected time of parturition, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 38 randomly chosen sows by feeding pelleted glucose (3 g/kg BW0.75). Blood samples for glucose analyses were taken at -10, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 105, and 120 min after glucose was fed. The supply of additional dietary starch or fat did not increase piglet birth weight or total litter weight at birth. Sows that were fed the high-NSP diet had more (P = 0.097) live-born piglets and fewer (P = 0.084) stillborn piglets than did sows that were fed additional fat, whereas sows that were fed additional starch were intermediate for these variables. Piglet mortality after birth was not affected by dietary treatment. Body weight and backfat gains in the last month of gestation were higher for sows fed additional starch or fat than for sows fed the high-NSP diet (P < 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively). Feed intake in lactation was greatest by sows fed the high-NSP diet, least by sows fed additional starch at the end of gestation, and intermediate by sows fed additional fat (P = 0.099). The differences in lactation feed intake did not result in differences in BW and backfat losses during lactation. Sows that were fed additional fat had the greatest glucose area under the curve (P = 0.044), indicating that these sows were less tolerant to glucose. In conclusion, feeding additional energy (starch or fat) in late-gestating sows that are fed a high-NSP diet did not increase litter weight at birth or piglet survival, but did increase maternal gain. Feeding sows additional energy from fat might induce glucose intolerance, whereas feeding sows additional energy from starch did not induce glucose intolerance.

Effects of konjac flour inclusion in gestation diets on the nutrient digestibility, lactation feed intake and reproductive performance of sows

“…The transition from gestation to lactation is characterized by physiological and metabolic changes, such as a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity during late gestation and lactation (Pere et al, 2000;Pere and Etienne, 2007). During lactation, insulin resistance is negatively correlated with the feed intake of sows (Van der Peet-Schwering et al, 2004;Mosnier et al, 2010). Several studies have shown that soluble dietary fiber can improve insulin sensitivity in mice or rats (Song et al, 2000;Isken et al, 2010).…”

Metanálise da relação entre espessura de toicinho e variáveis corporais e reprodutivas de porcas gestantes e lactantes

“…Foram utilizados 14 artigos distribuídos nos continentes europeu e americano, publicados de 2000 a 2006 em revistas indexadas internacionais (PRUNIER et al, 2001, SINCLAIR et al, 2001COOPER et al, 2001a, CLOWES et al, 2003MAES et al, 2004;RAMANAU et al, 2004;VAN DER PEET-SCHWERING et al, 2004;YOUNG et al, 2004;RENSIS et al, 2005;YOUNG et al, 2005b;LANDBLOM et al, 2006) e nacionais (GUEDES & NOGUEIRA, 2000;HASHIMOTO et al, 2004;LIMA et al, 2006). As informações relevantes das seções de material e métodos e resultados de cada artigo foram inseridas numa base de dados elaborada em planilha Excel.…”

Dose-response effect of fish oil substitution in parturition feed on erythrocyte membrane characteristics and sow performance

“…For many years, research focused on the beneficial effects of additional fat in late gestation on piglet birth weight, but the specific fatty acid profile of the supplemented fat source was not taken into account (Seerley et al., 1981; Cieslak et al., 1983; Averette et al., 1999; van der Peet‐Schwering et al., 2004). More recently, studies on the supplementation of specific fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n‐3), have been performed.…”