Effects of abstinence from cigarette smoking on the cardiorespiratory capacity

Hashizume, Kazuo; Yamaji, Kunihiko; Kusaka, Yukinori; Kawahara, Kazuo

doi:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00019

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hashizume et al (2000) reported 7 days of abstinence from smoking could improve exercise performance, and Suminski et al (2009) recommended that smoking should be considered when using non-exercise models to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. In the present study, maximal oxygen uptake was higher in non-smokers, and smoking was a significant variable in multiple regression analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors associated with maximal oxygen uptake included genetics, age, gender, physical activity, body fat, smoking and medical conditions such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes (O'Tool 1989;Watanabe et al 1994;Chilibeck et al 1996;Kawabata et al 1997;Lim et al 1997;Hashizume et al 2000;Park et al 2001;Zhang et al 2004;An et al 2005;Kang et al 2005). Considering ethnical difference on maximal oxygen uptake, it is necessary to develop a non-exercise regression model for Korean adults (John et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake without Exercise Testing in Korean Healthy Adult Workers

Jang

Park

Kim

et al. 2012

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Maximal oxygen uptake is generally accepted as the most valid and reliable index of cardiorespiratory fitness and functional aerobic capacity. The exercise test for measuring maximal oxygen uptake is unsuitable for screening tests in public heath examinations, because of the potential risks of exercise exertion and time demands. We designed this study to determine whether work-related physical activity is a potential predictor of maximal oxygen uptake, and to develop a maximal oxygen uptake equation using a non-exercise regression model for the cardiorespiratory fitness test in Korean adult workers. Study subjects were adult workers of small-sized companies in Korea. Subjects with history of disease such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma and angina were excluded. In total, 217 adult subjects (113 men of 21-55 years old and 104 women of 20-64 years old) were included. Self-report questionnaire survey was conducted on study subjects, and maximal oxygen uptake of each subject was measured with the exercise test. The statistical analysis was carried out to develop an equation for estimating maximal oxygen uptake. The predictors for estimating maximal oxygen uptake included age, gender, body mass index, smoking, leisure-time physical activity and the factors representing work-related physical activity. The work-related physical activity was identified to be a predictor of maximal oxygen uptake. Moreover, the equation showed high validity according to the statistical analysis. The equation for estimating maximal oxygen uptake developed in the present study could be used as a screening test for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in Korean adult workers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake without Exercise Testing in Korean Healthy Adult Workers

Jang

Park

Kim

et al. 2012

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Moreover, exercise capacity increases very shortly after smoking cessation, arguing for a direct role of smoking in the diminution of exercise capacity 3. Impaired exercise capacity is related to poor quality of life, reduced physical function, inability to complete activities of daily living and increased dependence 4,5.…”

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confidence: 99%

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is associated with exercise capacity in smokers and non-smokers

et al. 2010

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Smoking is an established cardiovascular risk factor that impairs endothelial function and reduces exercise capacity. Peripheral vascular endothelial function correlates with exercise capacity, but whether this association prevails in smokers is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association between endothelial function and exercise capacity in chronic smokers and non-smoking controls. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD, endotheliumdependent) following 5 minutes of upper arm occlusion was compared in 26 smokers (age 58 ± 2 years; 15 female; BMI (body mass index) = 28 ± 1) and 39 non-smokers (age 58 ± 2 years; 24 female; BMI = 28 ± 1) using ultrasound. Exercise treadmill time (ETT) was recorded from a standard Bruce protocol during symptom limited stress testing. There was found to be a significant positive association between FMD and ETT in smokers (r = 0.60, p < 0.05) and non-smokers (r = 0.28, p < 0.05). FMD was significantly lower in smokers versus non-smokers (8.9 ± 0.9 vs 12.6 ± 0.7%, p < 0.05). ETT was significantly lower in smokers (425 ± 35 seconds) versus non-smokers (522 ± 25 seconds, p < 0.05). After adjusting for FMD, there were no longer group differences in ETT. When patients were matched according to FMD, there were no differences in ETT between smokers and non-smokers. In conclusion, peripheral endothelial dysfunction is a correlate of low exercise capacity in smokers and non-smokers alike. Future research is needed to examine if improving endothelial function will lead to concomitant increases in exercise capacity in chronic smokers.

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“…Although several studies of smoking cessation have not reported short-term changes in lung function [24,25], a decreased vital capacity has been observed after 1 week [26]. Increased lung function values, vital capacity and FEV ".!…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased nitric oxide elimination from the airways after smoking cessation

et al. 2002

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A B S T R A C TSmokers have been found to have low exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate where in the respiratory system the decrease in NO occurs, and whether this decrease was affected by smoking cessation. Measurements of exhaled NO were carried out in smokers (n l 20) and non-smoking control subjects (n l 30). In nine of the smokers, exhaled NO was analysed 1, 2 and 4 weeks after smoking cessation. The level of exhaled NO at a flow rate of 0.1 litre/s was significantly lower in smokers (4p2 p.p.b.) than in nonsmokers (7p5 p.p.b. ; P l 0.007). A calculation of the contributions from different areas of the lung showed that the NO flux from the airways was significantly lower (14p10 compared with 36p26 nl/min ; P l 0.0001) and the alveolar fraction was significantly higher (2.1p0.8 compared with 1.5p0.9 p.p.b. ; P l 0.006) in smokers than in non-smokers. Nine smoking subjects refrained from smoking for 4 weeks, and this resulted in increased NO flux from the airways of 28p17 nl/min, which was no longer significantly different from controls. In conclusion, endogenous production of NO in the airways is decreased in smokers, but can be restored to normal values by 4 weeks after cessation of smoking. Smokers have an increased alveolar fraction of NO, and this might be a diagnostic sign of lung damage. Thus NO monitoring can be used to indicate improvements when a smoker decides to stop smoking.

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Effects of abstinence from cigarette smoking on the cardiorespiratory capacity

Abstract: In conclusion, exercise performance was improved by the 7 d of abstinence from smoking.

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Estimation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake without Exercise Testing in Korean Healthy Adult Workers

Estimation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake without Exercise Testing in Korean Healthy Adult Workers

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is associated with exercise capacity in smokers and non-smokers

Increased nitric oxide elimination from the airways after smoking cessation

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