Effects of 6 Weeks of Parenteral Cobalamin Supplementation on Clinical and Biochemical Variables in Cats with Gastrointestinal Disease

Abstract

BackgroundEffects and duration of commonly used protocols for cobalamin (Cbl) supplementation on cellular Cbl deficiency have not been determined in hypocobalaminemic cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate effect of Cbl supplementation on clinical signs, serum and urine methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations over 16 weeks.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned hypocobalaminemic cats with enteropathy.MethodsProspective study. Serum Cbl and serum and urine MMA concentrations were determined prospectively in cats at enrollment (t0), immediately before (t6), and 4 (t10) and 10 weeks (t16) after 6th Cbl injection (250 μg, IM q 7 days). Clinical signs severity (activity, appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, body weight) graded at each time point and expressed as clinical disease activity score.ResultsClinical disease activity score decreased during supplementation and increased after treatment discontinuation. Median serum Cbl concentration increased significantly from t0 (111 pmol/L, range 111–212) to t6 (2,332.5 pmol/L, range 123–22,730) (P < 0.01). Values at t10 were 610.5 pmol/L (range, 111–2,527) and 180.5 pmol/L (range, 111–2,262) at t16 (P < 0.01). Median baseline serum MMA concentration (372 μmol/L, range 0.39–147,000) decreased significantly to 1.62 μmol/L (range, 0.18–806) at t6 (P < 0.01) and gradually increased to 5.34 μmol/L (range, 0.13–1,730) at t10 and 189 μmol/L (range, 0.4–983) at t16. Similar, nonsignificant, pattern observed for urine MMA concentration. Serum and urine MMA concentrations had not normalized in 12 and 6 cats, respectively, at t6.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe Cbl supplementation protocol used here did not lead to complete normalization of cellular Cbl deficiency in all examined cats, and biochemical improvements were transient.

Prospective long‐term evaluation of parenteral hydroxocobalamin supplementation in juvenile beagles with selective intestinal cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome)

“…Urine and serum MMA concentrations were analyzed at the Division of Clinical Chemistry of the University Children's Hospital Zurich according to accredited methods . In brief, samples were supplemented with an internal standard, precipitated, and analysis was done by gas‐liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) on an Ultimate 3000 XRS UHPLC system (Dionex, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) with a SCIEX5500 mass spectrometer (SCIEX, Framingham, MA) using multiple reaction monitoring.…”

Daily oral cyanocobalamin supplementation in Beagles with hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome) maintains normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status

“…Urine and serum MMA concentrations were analyzed at the Division of Clinical Chemistry of the University Children's Hospital Zurich according to accredited methods . In brief, the samples were supplemented with an internal standard, precipitated, and analysis was done by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TMS) on an Ultimate 3000 XRS UHPLC system (Dionex; Thermo Scientific) with a SCIEX5500 mass spectrometer (SCIEX, Framingham, Massachusetts) using multiple reaction monitoring.…”

Cobalaminmangel bei Hund und Katze

“…Insbesondere bei EPI und chronischer Enteropathie sollte Cobalamin jedoch immer mitbestimmt und gegebenenfalls substituiert werden, da es für die Regeneration und die Funktionsfähigkeit der intestinalen Epithelzellen essenziell ist. So zeigte sich bei Katzen mit Hypocobalaminämie infolge gastrointestinaler Störungen unterschiedlicher Genese während einer Cobalaminsubstitution eine deutliche Gewichtszunahme und signifikante Besserung der klinischen Symptomatik (26,38). Andererseits kann ein zu-…”