Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil

The ways to increase efficiency of soil bioremediation

“…The studies have shown that in the objects fertilized with sludge, the plants extracted more of Cd and Zn from the soil as compared to the control [14]. According to Achiba et al [26], heavy metals often behave differently in various soils. It is difficult to assess the metal pollution levels by determining the metal concentration in soils because many factors affect the distribution of heavy metals in soils, including physico-chemical properties of soils, redox potential, ligand etc.…”

“…It is difficult to assess the metal pollution levels by determining the metal concentration in soils because many factors affect the distribution of heavy metals in soils, including physico-chemical properties of soils, redox potential, ligand etc. [26,27]. Other factors limiting the use of sewage sludge in land reclamation are the odor and the risk of groundwater contamination [28].…”

Heavy metals in the irrigation water, soils and vegetables in the Philippi horticultural area in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

“…Because plants form one of the major sinks for both essential and toxic elements in the terrestrial environment, an increase in heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils would thus also lead to an increase in the uptake of these heavy metals by the crops grown on these soils and, this in turn, would result in an increase in heavy metals in the human diet (Pinamonti et al 1997;Cole et al 2001;Martin et al 2006;Casadovela et al 2007;Islam et al 2007;Kidd et al 2007;Bose and Bhattacharyya 2008;Odlare et al 2008;Achiba et al 2009;Delbari and Kulkarni 2011). Arora et al (2008) indicated that using wastewater to irrigate agricultural soils resulted in significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals in the edible portions of the crops grown on these soils.…”

Efficiency of Repeated Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Zinc from an Agricultural Soil Contaminated with Sewage Sludge

“…E-mail: lhwu@issas.ac.cn 2000; Tsakou et al 2001Tsakou et al , 2002. However, many sludges also contain inorganic and organic contaminants that may have detrimental effects on soils and plants when supplied in excessive amounts (Singh and Agrawal 2007;Achiba et al 2009;Masto et al 2012). The repeated application of sewage sludge may lead to the accumulation of heavy metals and organic pollutants such as antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes and persistent organic pollutants in the soil, with negative effects on crop yields and potential contamination of the human food chain (Chaney 1990;Moreno et al 1997;Qiao et al 2003;Iwegbue et al 2007;Kidd et al 2007;Jamali et al 2009;Hao et al 2011;Nabulo et al 2011;Zhu et al 2013).…”