Effects of 28 days of resistance exercise and consuming a commercially available pre-workout supplement, NO-Shotgun^®, on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of satellite cell activation, and clinical safety markers in males

Abstract

PurposeThis study determined the effects of 28 days of heavy resistance exercise combined with the nutritional supplement, NO-Shotgun®, on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of satellite cell activation, and clinical safety markers.MethodsEighteen non-resistance-trained males participated in a resistance training program (3 × 10-RM) 4 times/wk for 28 days while also ingesting 27 g/day of placebo (PL) or NO-Shotgun® (NO) 30 min prior to exercise. Data were analyzed with separate 2 × 2 ANOVA and t-tests (p < 0.05).ResultsTotal body mass was increased in both groups (p = 0.001), but without any significant increases in total body water (p = 0.77). No significant changes occurred with fat mass (p = 0.62); however fat-free mass did increase with training (p = 0.001), and NO was significantly greater than PL (p = 0.001). Bench press strength for NO was significantly greater than PL (p = 0.003). Myofibrillar protein increased with training (p = 0.001), with NO being significantly greater than PL (p = 0.019). Serum IGF-1 (p = 0.046) and HGF (p = 0.06) were significantly increased with training and for NO HGF was greater than PL (p = 0.002). Muscle phosphorylated c-met was increased with training for both groups (p = 0.019). Total DNA was increased in both groups (p = 0.006), while NO was significantly greater than PL (p = 0.038). For DNA/protein, PL was decreased and NO was not changed (p = 0.014). All of the myogenic regulatory factors were increased with training; however, NO was shown to be significantly greater than PL for Myo-D (p = 0.008) and MRF-4 (p = 0.022). No significant differences were located for any of the whole blood and serum clinical chemistry markers (p > 0.05).ConclusionWhen combined with heavy resistance training for 28 days, NO-Shotgun® is not associated with any negative side effects, nor does it abnormally impact any of the clinical chemistry markers. Rather, NO-Shotgun® effectively increases muscle strength and mass, myofibrillar protein content, and increases the content of markers indicative of satellite cell activation.

Effects of multi-ingredient supplementation on resistance training in young males

“…However, as far as we know, most multi-ingredient supplementation used in resistance training studies contain creatine (Beck et al, 2007; Kraemer et al, 2007; Schmitz et al, 2010; Shelmadine et al, 2009). There is strong support that creatine supplementation during resistance training is more effective in enhancing training specific task for strength and strength-endurance than resistance training alone (Rawson et al, 2003).…”

Co-ingestion of carbohydrate with branched-chain amino acids or l-leucine does not preferentially increase serum IGF-1 and expression of myogenic-related genes in response to a single bout of resistance exercise

“…Two primary cellular processes are involved with hypertrophy responses in mammalian skeletal muscle. The first process involves both pre-and posttranslational mechanisms that result in the accretion of myofibrillar protein and subsequent myofiber enlargement due to increases in the myonuclear domain (Bickel et al 2005;Shelmadine et al 2009). The second process results in myofiber enlargenment due to a decreased myonuclear domain resulting from activation and proliferation of myogenic satellite cells which fuse into muscle fibers, thereby providing additional myonuclei for augmented transcriptional activity and subsequent protein synthesis (Han et al 2008).…”

Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading

“…In contrast, studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CRE supplementation when mixed into caffeinated tea or COF (4, 9). Because many pre-workout supplement formulations include both CRE and CAF (15, 28, 33), further research on the potential interaction is needed. While previous studies on CRE+CAF supplementation have employed unique exercise tests consisting of electrical stimulation (19) or isokinetic knee extension (17, 38), the current study used dynamic exercise tests relating more closely to the training of many resistance trained individuals.…”

“…Previous studies have reported performance improvements from CRE mixed into caffeinated tea or coffee (COF) (4, 9), and a number of multi-ingredient supplements containing CRE+CAF, among other ingredients, have been shown to improve outcomes for strength, power, and body composition (15, 28, 33). Research has also indicated that acute CAF supplementation (a single dose, consumed 60 min prior to an exercise bout) after CRE loading may improve performance more than CRE loading alone (24, 25).…”