Effects of 14-deoxyandrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide on nitric oxide production in cultured human endothelial cells

Nitric oxide, human diseases and the herbal products that affect the nitric oxide signalling pathway

“…Thus, these polyphenols have both the ‘yang’ nature (activate eNOS and increase physiological effects of NO) and the ‘yin’ nature (inhibit iNOS and decrease the pathological effects of NO). Such a coexistence of yin and yang activities has also been observed for andrographolide, 106,130,131 radix Salviae miltiorryzae 112,132,133 and Gingko biloba 110,137,138 . There are also herbal extracts/drugs that enhance the production of NO via iNOS.…”

RETRACTED: 14‐Deoxyandrographolide desensitizes hepatocytes to tumour necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced apoptosis through calcium‐dependent tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A release via the NO/cGMP pathway

“…When the two hydroxyl groups at C‐3 and C‐19 of AG were substituted with aromatic aldehydes, the compound was more potent at inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase (Jada et al ., 2008). Reports suggest that 14‐DAG is a PAF antagonist and NOS activator (Zhang and Tan, 1999; Burgos et al ., 2005). However, the role of 14‐DAG in the modulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines is yet to be established.…”

QSAR Studies on Andrographolide Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

“…Compound 21 (potent α-glucosidase inhibitor PLogIC 50 = 5.222) was layed in the 3D contour maps of model 16 to illustrate the key groups (marked by red dashed lines in Figures 5, 6, and 7) correlating with biological activity. C [1]:N:C:C(:C:C:@1)C(=C)O was a key group in all the 3D contour maps (steric, H-accept, hydrophobic) and C [1]:C:C:C(:C:C:@1)C=C was a key group in both steric and hydrophobic 3D contour maps. Both the groups were also calculated as key groups in HQSAR.…”

“…The larger the PLS coefficient, the more important the fragment was for andrographolide derivatives' biological activity. According to the criterion, C (=C©C)C=C or C [1]:C:C:C(:C:C:@1)C=C attached to C 3 of andrographolide ( Figure 4) and C [1]:N:C:C(:C:C:@1)C(=C)O attached to C 17 of andrographolide were suggested as the key fragments.…”