Effectiveness of Universal Self-regulation–Based Interventions in Children and Adolescents

Pandey, Anuja; Hale, Daniel R.; Das, Shikta; Goddings, Anne-Lise; Blakemore, Sarah Jayne; Viner, Russell

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0232

Cited by 237 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This means that an individual with a predisposition for low self-control may struggle with the regulation of thoughts, behaviors, and impulses while an individual with a genetic predisposition for high self-control may excel in dealing with self-control challenges, although both individuals are exposed to the same environment. These findings imply that the environmentpeers, parents, teachersshould take into account such innate individual differences in people's self-control capacities (Pandey et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Heritability of Self-Control: a Meta-Analysis

Willems¹,

Boesen²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Self-control is the ability to control one’s impulses when faced with challenges or temptations, and is robustly associated with physiological and psychological well-being. Twin studies show that self-control is heritable, but estimates range between 0% and 90%, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to provide a quantitative overview of the heritability of self-control. A systematic search resulted in 31 included studies, based on a sample size of >100.000 individuals, published between 1996 and 2018. Our results revealed an overall monozygotic twin correlation of .58, and an overall dizygotic twin correlation of .28, resulting in a heritability estimate of 60%. The heritability of self-control did not vary across gender or age. The heritability did differ across informants, with stronger heritability estimates based on parent report versus self-report or observations. This finding provides evidence that when aiming to understand individual differences in self-control, one should take genetic factors into account. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Heritability of Self-Control: a Meta-Analysis

Willems¹,

Boesen²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, studies reveal that individuals with high trait self-control experience conflict as less disruptive in part because they develop stronger habits and more effortlessly downregulate their emotions than those with low self-control (Gillebaart and de Ridder, 2015); such benefits arise in a variety of contexts including the consumption of healthy snacks, study habits, homework completion, and persistence during the first year of college (Galla and Duckworth, 2015). Though trait selfcontrol is rooted in our biology, it is not immutable (Foulkes and Blakemore, 2018;Pandey et al, 2018)-a point of great relevance to educators considering opportunities to strengthen this capacity (Part 3).…”

Section: Part 1 Conceptual Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously noted, judges adjudicating over parole cases reversed the downward slope of rejections by eating, suggesting that the loss of resources for self-control can be rebooted by certain activities. Table 2 provides a broad overview of some of the approaches to self-control strengthening (Berkman et al, 2012;Pandey et al, 2018). In parallel with the overview of assessments, the work on strengthening is organized according to three types:…”

Section: Part 3 Strengthening Self-controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patience! How to Assess and Strengthen Self-Control

Hauser¹

2019

Front. Educ.

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Children often show signs of dysregulation, impulsivity, and risk-taking-behaviors that interfere with learning and growth. Commonly implicated in such interfering behaviors are problems of self-control. Several decades of research in the mind and brain sciences inform understanding of self-control, both as a trait and state. This research has significant implications for educators, providing strategies for assessing and strengthening self-control. This paper reviews the relevant theoretical concepts and practical applications. Part one discusses current thinking about the nature of self-control, focusing on the paired distinctions between (i) trait and state, as well as (ii) volitional and impulsive processes. Part two reviews a family of methods designed to assess different aspects of self-control. Part three focuses on ways to strength self-control, including simple strategies that help create habits and reduce conflict with competing temptations.

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“…For example, there is promising evidence from randomised controlled trials showing reductions in substance use following interventions targeting abilities related to risk taking (e.g. self-regulation) in adolescents 56 .…”

Section: Insights For Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying risk factors involved in the common versus specific liabilities to substance abuse: A genetically informed approach

Iob

Schoeler

Cecil

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The co-occurrence of abuse of multiple substances is thought to stem from a common liability that is partly genetic in origin. Genetic risk may indirectly contribute to a common liability through genetically influenced individual vulnerabilities and traits. To disentangle the aetiology of common versus specific liabilities to substance abuse, polygenic scores can be used as genetic proxies indexing such risk and protective individual vulnerabilities or traits. In this study, we used genomic data from a UK birth cohort study (ALSPAC, N=4218) to generate 18 polygenic scores indexing mental health vulnerabilities, personality traits, cognition, physical traits, and substance abuse. Common and substance-specific factors were identified based on four classes of substance abuse (alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, other illicit substances) assessed over time (age 17, 20, and 22). In multivariable regressions, we then tested the independent contribution of selected polygenic scores to the common and substance-specific factors. Our findings implicated several genetically influenced traits and vulnerabilities in the common liability to substance abuse, most notably risk taking (bstandardized=0.14; 95%CI: 0.10,0.17), followed by extraversion (bstandardized =-0.10; 95%CI: -0.13,-0.06), and schizophrenia risk (bstandardized=0.06; 95%CI: 0.02;0.09). Educational attainment (EA) and body mass index (BMI) had opposite effects on substance-specific liabilities such as cigarettes (bstandardized-EA= -0.15; 95%CI: -0.19,-0.12; bstandardized-BMI=0.05; 95%CI: 0.02,0.09), alcohol (bstandardized-EA=0.07; 95%CI: 0.03,0.11; bstandardized-BMI= -0.06; 95%CI: -0.10,-0.02), and other illicit substances (bstandardized-EA=0.12; 95%CI: 0.07,0.17;bstandardized-BMI= -0.08; 95%CI:-0.13,-0.04). This is the first study based on genomic data that clarifies the aetiological architecture underlying the common versus substance-specific liabilities, providing novel insights for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse.

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Effectiveness of Universal Self-regulation–Based Interventions in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 237 publications

References 79 publications

The Heritability of Self-Control: a Meta-Analysis

The Heritability of Self-Control: a Meta-Analysis

Patience! How to Assess and Strengthen Self-Control

Identifying risk factors involved in the common versus specific liabilities to substance abuse: A genetically informed approach

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