Effectiveness of Training Programs in Reducing Falls in Older Adults: Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: With ageing, older adults are faced with decreasing strength and balance and increasing risk for falls. A fall followed by fracture is a factor in mortality and decreased quality of life in older people. However, few systematic review studies have analyzed the effects of training programs in reducing falls in older people.Aim: This systematic review study aimed to analyze the effects of physical training programs on the risk of falls in older people. Methods:We used the PRISMA guidelines in conducting the systematic review. The search for eligible studies was performed using four electronic databases (PubMed, BVS Regional Portal, British Library, and Library of Congress). Results:The results showed a decrease in the risk of falling in 21 studies. Only four studies did not show a reduction in the risk of falling after a training program. Conclusion:Combined or multicomponent training programs, as well as isolated strength training, could decrease the risk of falling in older people. Core TipRegular and systematic physical exercises can contribute in a comprehensive way to the healthy ageing process by helping increase muscle strength, bone mineral density (hip and spine), and static and dynamic balance, ultimately decreasing the risk of falling. However, controversial results have been observed, with some studies indicating no improvement, especially in the risk of falls in older adults. Thus, the characteristics of the different physical exercise programs must be investigated. Research should discern which types of exercise reduce the risk of falling in the older adults. Thus, this systematic review study aimed to analyses the effects of physical training programs on the risk of falls in older adults.