Effectiveness of ozone against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a root canal biofilm model

Abstract

Huth KC, Quirling M, Maier S, Kamereck K, AlKhayer M, Paschos E, Welsch U, Miethke T, Brand K, Hickel R.Effectiveness of ozone against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a root canal biofilm model. International Endodontic Journal, 42, 3-13, 2009. Aim To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous (1.25-20 lg mL )1 ) and gaseous ozone (1-53 g m )3 ) as an alternative antiseptic against endodontic pathogens in suspension and a biofilm model. Methodology Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Peptostreptococcus micros and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in planctonic culture or in mono-species biofilms in root canals for 3 weeks. Cultures were exposed to ozone, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 5.25%, 2.25%), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX; 2%), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ; 3%) and phosphate buffered saline (control) for 1 min and the remaining colony forming units counted. Ozone gas was applied to the biofilms in two experimental settings, resembling canal areas either difficult (setting 1) or easy (setting 2) to reach. Time-course experiments up to 10 min were included. To compare the tested samples, data were analysed by one-way anova.Results Concentrations of gaseous ozone down to 1 g m )3 almost and aqueous ozone down to 5 lg mL )1 completely eliminated the suspended microorganisms as did NaOCl and CHX. Hydrogen peroxide and lower aqueous ozone concentrations were less effective. Aqueous and gaseous ozone were dose-and strain-dependently effective against the biofilm microorganisms. Total elimination was achieved by high-concentrated ozone gas (setting 2) and by NaOCl after 1 min or a lower gas concentration (4 g m )3 ) after at least 2.5 min. High-concentrated aqueous ozone (20 lg mL )1 ) and CHX almost completely eliminated the biofilm cells, whilst H 2 O 2 was less effective. Conclusion High-concentrated gaseous and aqueous ozone was dose-, strain-and time-dependently effective against the tested microorganisms in suspension and the biofilm test model.

Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Intracanal Ozone Treatment

“…Rezultate Nagayoshija i suradnika potvrdili su Huth i suradnici -broj bakterija iz korijenskih kanala (biofilm koji se stvorio nakon izlaganja zuba Pseudomonas aeruginosi, Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcus micros i Candidi albicans) smanjio se nakon primjene plina ozona i/ili ozonirane vode, pri čemu se rabio poseban uređaj za izravnu aplikaciju ozona u korijenski kanal, točno na mjesto primjene tj. na inficirane zidove korijenskih kanala (41,42). Vitrej i suradnici usporedili su učinkovitost četiriju sustava -HealOzona, 3-postotnog NaOCl-a, MTAD-a (Dentsplay, Tulsa, SAD) i sistema Endox Endodontics (Endox S.r.l., Carugo, Italija) kao sredstava za irigaciju korijenskih kanala.…”

“…U uvjetima in vivo korijenski kanal sadržava biofilm, čiji sastojci, poput željeza, pospješuju antimikrobnu aktivnost ozona i oslobađanje snažnih hidroksilnih radikala. Uporabom uljnih preparata ozona, u usporedbi s intrakanalnim medikamentnim sredstvima kao što je kalcij hidroksid, ostvaruje se učinkovitije djelovanje na bakterije u kanalu i odlična biokompatibilnost s periradikularnim tkivima (42). Lynch i Swift zaključili su da je ozon najsnaž-nije antimikrobno oksidirajuće sredstvo kojim se stručnjaci mogu koristiti u endodonciji i da je vodena otopina ozona visoko biokompatibilna u odnosu na ostale korištene iriganse.…”

Adjuvant combined ozone therapy for extensive wound over tibia

“…Ozone readily dissolves in water and acts as a cleansing solution and powerful disinfectant. It is bactericidal to most antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and anaerobes 5. 27,40 Oxidative injury is a potential complication of ozone therapy; and in blood, ozone leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species.…”

Endodontic Irrigation Solutions: A Review

“…In one study, the researchers compared the microbicidal activities of ozonated water and 2.5% NaOCl under sonic activation. They reported that ozonated water did not neutralize Escherichia coli or lipopolysaccharides in root canals and that the amount of remaining lipopolysaccharides may have biological effects, such as the induction of apical periodontitis (74,75). Before its routine clinical use for root canal treatment, ozonated water needs to be investigated further.…”