Effectiveness of MRNA booster vaccine among healthcare workers in New York City during the Omicron surge, December 2021 to January 2022

Robilotti, Elizabeth; Whiting, Karissa; Bianchi, Anabella Lucca; Poon, Chester; Jani, Krupa; McMillen, Tracy; Freeswick, Scott; Korenstein, Deborah; Babady, N. Esther; Seshan, Venkatraman; Kamboj, Mini

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.017

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In our VE analysis, asymptomatic infection was more frequent among recipients of the third-dose (20%) than among those of the second dose (7%), which is consistent with previous data [21, 22]. Among the cases in our case-control study of third vaccine recipients, higher pre-infection NAb titers against Omicron was associated with fewer symptoms during the Omicron wave.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Yamamoto

Matsuda

Maeda

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Data on the role of immunogenicity following the third vaccine dose against Omicron infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19)–compatible symptoms of infection are limited. Methods First we examined vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the third–dose against the second dose during the Omicron wave among the staff at a tertiary hospital in Tokyo. In a case–control study of a cohort of third vaccine recipients, we compared the pre–infection levels of live–virus neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against Omicron between breakthrough cases and their controls, who had close contact with COVID–19 patients. Among these cases, we examined the association between pre–infection NAb levels and the number of COVID–19–compatible symptoms experienced during the Omicron wave. Results Among the 1456 participants for VE analysis, 60 (4%) breakthrough infections occurred during the Omicron wave (January to March 2022). The third–dose VE for infection, relative to the second dose was 54.6% (95% CI: 14.0–76.0). Among the recipients of the third vaccine, pre–infection NAb levels against Omicron did not significantly differ between the cases and controls. Among the cases, those who experienced COVID–19–compatible symptoms had lower pre-infection NAb levels against Omicron than those who did not. Conclusions The third vaccine dose was effective in decreasing the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during the Omicron wave compared with the second dose. Among third–dose recipients, higher pre–infection NAb levels may not be associated with a lower risk of Omicron infection. Contrarily, they may be associated with fewer symptoms of infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Yamamoto

Matsuda

Maeda

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior studies have shown somewhat similar findings in smaller cohorts (13,29,30), and the present work is notable for its large cohort size and the fact that it utilized only WT infected or vaccinated individuals. These results also help explain the phenomenon of 'breakthrough' infections with Omicron, both after vaccination as well as previous infection (23,24). Since much of the population was exposed to WT virus and/or vaccine (31), the results of this study are relevant for a substantial portion of the global population and, given the ubiquity of Omicron exposure (32,33), re-creating the immune status of our cohort will be impossible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…It also suggests why Delta infections mainly involved unvaccinated individuals with little evidence of reinfection during that period ( 22 ). In contrast, the Omicron wave of infection were noted for breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals and reinfections ( 23 , 24 ). While viral spike protein changes in Omicron may have been responsible for these events, our data demonstrate that in the absence of prior infection waning neutralizing immunity from vaccination also may have played a role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wild-type SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing immunity decreases across variants and over time but correlates well with diagnostic testing

O’Shea

Schuler²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceThe degree of immune protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants provided by infection versus vaccination with wild-type virus remains unresolved, which could influence future vaccine strategies. The gold-standard for assessing immune protection is viral neutralization; however, few studies involve a large-scale analysis of viral neutralization against the Omicron variant by sera from individuals infected with wild-type virus.Objectives1) To define the degree to which infection versus vaccination with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 induced neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants.2) To determine whether clinically available data, such as infection/vaccination timing or antibody status, can predict variant neutralization.MethodsWe examined a longitudinal cohort of 653 subjects with sera collected three times at 3-to-6-month intervals from April 2020 to June 2021. Individuals were categorized according to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status. Spike and nucleocapsid antibodies were detected via ADVIA Centaur® (Siemens) and Elecsys® (Roche) assays, respectively. The Healgen Scientific® lateral flow assay was used to detect IgG and IgM spike antibody responses. Pseudoviral neutralization assays were performed on all samples using human ACE2 receptor-expressing HEK-293T cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped lentiviral particles for wild-type (WT), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants.ResultsVaccination after infection led to the highest neutralization titers at all timepoints for all variants. Neutralization was also more durable in the setting of prior infection versus vaccination alone. Spike antibody clinical testing effectively predicted neutralization for wild-type and Delta. However, nucleocapsid antibody presence was the best independent predictor of Omicron neutralization. Neutralization of Omicron was lower than neutralization of either wild-type or Delta virus across all groups and timepoints, with significant activity only present in patients that were first infected and later immunized.ConclusionsParticipants having both infection and vaccination with wild-type virus had the highest neutralizing antibody levels against all variants and had persistence of activity. Neutralization of WT and Delta virus correlated with spike antibody levels against wild-type and Delta variants, but Omicron neutralization was better correlated with evidence of prior infection. These data help explain why ‘breakthrough’ Omicron infections occurred in previously vaccinated individuals and suggest better protection is observed in those with both vaccination and previous infection. This study also supports the concept of future SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-specific vaccine boosters.

show abstract

“…We found no difference in symptomatology between primary series vaccinated and primary plus booster series vaccinated cases during the omicron dominant period, but our sample size was small. A study about breakthrough infections among vaccinated health care workers showed that 11% of the primary series vaccinated participants were asymptomatic compared to 16% of the primary plus booster series vaccinated participants 17 . More research is needed to clarify the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on symptom burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom presentation among SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination; three prospective household cohorts

Westerhof

Hoog

Ieven

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: The symptom burden of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 in the community and across paediatric and adult age-groups compared to earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the symptom burden is unclear. We aimed to systematically compare the symptom burden of the wild-type and Alpha variant infected individuals versus the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infected individuals, using European prospective household studies. METHODS: We combined data from three European prospective household studies conducted during the wild-type and Alpha period (April 2020 to April 2021) and the early Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 dominant period (January to March 2022). All three household transmission studies used similar protocols. Households were prospectively followed from detection of the first SARS-CoV-2 index case until at least day 21 including (repeated) PCR testing, paired serology and daily symptom reporting for all household members. To avoid possible index-case ascertainment bias, we restricted analyses to secondary household cases. Age-stratified SARS-CoV-2 symptom burden was compared for wild-type/Alpha versus Omicron infections and for primary versus primary plus booster series vaccinated adult cases. FINDINGS: In total 216 secondary cases from wild-type/Alpha, and 130 from the Omicron period were included. Unvaccinated children <12 years experienced more symptoms and higher maximum and cumulative severity scores during the Omicron compared to the wild-type/Alpha period (p=0.004, p=0.011 and p=0.075, respectively). In adults, disease duration and maximum and cumulative severity scores were reduced during the Omicron period. Overall, the odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age, gender and prior immunity, showed lower odds of loss of smell or taste during the Omicron period (OR:0.14; 95%CI 0.03-0.50), whereas sore throat (OR:2.23; 95%CI 1.03-4.81), fatigue (OR:2.00; 95%CI 0.98-4.14) and coughing (OR:1.85; 95%CI 0.92-3.78) were more frequent. Comparing primary versus primary plus booster vaccinated adult cases during the Omicron period no differences were observed in disease severity or duration (p≥0.12). INTERPRETATION: Upper respiratory tract symptoms are more common in SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Omicron period compared to wild-type/Alpha period, but loss of smell or taste is less frequent. In children, the Omicron variant causes higher symptom burden compared to the wild-type/Alpha. Adults experienced a lower symptom burden possibly due to prior vaccination. However, no significant differences in symptom severity between primary versus primary plus booster series vaccinated adults were observed.

show abstract

Effectiveness of MRNA booster vaccine among healthcare workers in New York City during the Omicron surge, December 2021 to January 2022

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Neutralizing antibodies following three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, breakthrough infection, and symptoms during the Omicron predominant wave

Wild-type SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing immunity decreases across variants and over time but correlates well with diagnostic testing

Symptom presentation among SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination; three prospective household cohorts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About