Effectiveness and Acceptance of a Smartphone-Based Virtual Agent Screening for Alcohol and Tobacco Problems and Associated Risk Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in the General Population

Auriacombe, Marc; Fournet, Lucie; Dupuy, Lucile; Micoulaud‐Franchi, Jean‐Arthur; Sevin, Étienne de; Moriceau, Sarah; Baillet, Emmanuelle; Alexandre, Jean-Marc; Serre, Fuschia; Philip, Pierre

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.693687

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Of these, papers were excluded (n = 38) if they were concerned with a different area of addiction (smoking, gambling, or technology), if their primary focus was not drug and alcohol addiction or SUD, or if they studied a different area of mental health. This saw 11 papers progress to full review, which yielded a further 3 studies through citation tracking [32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The full-text of the accumulated 14 papers was considered.…”

Section: Papers Eligible For Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Chatbots as Supportive Agents for People Seeking Help with Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

2022

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Introduction: The use of chatbots in healthcare is an area of study receiving increased academic interest. As the knowledge base grows, the granularity in the level of research is being refined. There is now more targeted work in specific areas of healthcare, for example, chatbots for anxiety and depression, cancer care, and pregnancy support. The aim of this paper is to systematically review and summarize the research conducted on the use of chatbots in the field of addiction, specifically the use of chatbots as supportive agents for those who suffer from a substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: A systematic search of scholarly databases using the broad search criteria of (“drug” OR “alcohol” OR “substance”) AND (“addiction” OR “dependence” OR “misuse” OR “disorder” OR “abuse” OR harm*) AND (“chatbot” OR “bot” OR “conversational agent”) with an additional clause applied of “publication date” ≥ January 01, 2016 AND “publication date” ≤ March 27, 2022, identified papers for screening. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to evaluate eligibility for inclusion in the study, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was employed to assess the quality of the papers. Results: The search and screening process identified six papers for full review, two quantitative studies, three qualitative, and one mixed methods. The two quantitative papers considered an adaptation to an existing mental health chatbot to increase its scope to provide support for SUD. The mixed methods study looked at the efficacy of employing a bespoke chatbot as an intervention for harmful alcohol use. Of the qualitative studies, one used thematic analysis to gauge inputs from potential users, and service professionals, on the use of chatbots in the field of addiction, based on existing knowledge, and envisaged solutions. The remaining two were useability studies, one of which focussed on how prominent chatbots, such as Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, and Google Assistant can support people with an SUD and the other on the possibility of delivering a chatbot for opioid-addicted patients that is driven by existing big data. Discussion/Conclusion: The corpus of research in this field is limited, and given the quality of the papers reviewed, it is suggested more research is needed to report on the usefulness of chatbots in this area with greater confidence. Two of the papers reported a reduction in substance use in those who participated in the study. While this is a favourable finding in support of using chatbots in this field, a strong message of caution must be conveyed insofar as expert input is needed to safely leverage existing data, such as big data from social media, or that which is accessed by prevalent market leading chatbots. Without this, serious failings like those highlighted within this review mean chatbots can do more harm than good to their intended audience.

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Section: Papers Eligible For Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Chatbots as Supportive Agents for People Seeking Help with Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

2022

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“…Contrary to the previous ones, this modality is not invasive, costs less than traditional measurements, and benefits from its possibility of implementation in real conditions (e.g. with smartphone microphones) and could complete the information gathered by smartphone-based virtual agents, that are very well accepted by patients on a regular use [12,13].…”

Section: Sleepiness Detection Through Voicementioning

confidence: 99%

Does sleepiness influence reading pauses in hypersomniac patients?

Martin¹,

Arnaud²,

Rouas³

et al. 2022

Speech Prosody 2022

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Sleepiness and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) are major public health concerns impacting the daily life and performances of subjects experiencing them. Usually measured by electroencephalographic measures or self-reported questionnaires, previous studies have shown that it is possible to measure them through voice analysis. In this article, we propose to investigate potential new vocal biomarkers of sleepiness and EDS on 93 patients affected by hypersomnia, namely reading pauses. We analyze the location and duration of the pauses annotated by a fully automated system and propose a new set of speech features. Based on these 12 descriptors, we have identified seven reading behavior profiles, that are almost fully explained by the physical and medical characteristics of the patients, including their level of EDS. Regarding short-term sleepiness, the observed differences are mainly due to the differences of texts and have a weak correlation with objective and subjective sleepiness measures.

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“…During this time, many households have faced isolation, fear, violence, drug abuse, and anxiety. The pandemic has affected not only physical health but also mental functioning ( 1 ). A recent study conducted among undergraduates in a Chinese college reported that 24.9% of the participants experienced psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

University freshmen's excessive smartphone use and psychological safety during the COVID-19 pandemic

Yang

Shi²,

Zeng³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Although excessive smartphone use has been confirmed as being associated with specific representations of mental health (e. g., anxiety, depression, wellbeing, etc.) throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship between excessive smartphone use and cognitive representations of mental health (i.e., psychological safety) is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to identify the association between excessive smartphone use and psychological safety among university freshmen during the COVID-19 pandemic; in addition, we examined the mediation effects of hardiness and interpersonal distress in this relationship. In this study, 1,224 university freshmen were selected at random from several universities in Guizhou Province of China. The Psychological Safety Scale was used to evaluate the mental health of university freshmen; the Mobile Phone Dependence Scale was used to evaluate excessive smartphone use; the Hardiness Questionnaire was used to evaluate hardiness; and the Interpersonal Relation Synthetic Diagnose Test was used to evaluate interpersonal distress. The findings showed that: (1) the greater the degree of excessive smartphone use, the more serious respondents' interpersonal distress and the lower their hardiness; (2) excessive smartphone use was not only directly related to the psychological safety of university freshmen but also indirectly related to their psychological safety through the independent mediation of hardiness and interpersonal distress, as well as through the chain mediation of hardiness and interpersonal distress. In general, excessive smartphone use in university freshmen could lead to a decline in their psychological safety. Also, hardiness and interpersonal distress play a complex role in this relationship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions on the mental health of college freshmen should not only provide guidance on how to use their smartphone responsibly but also to provide them with support and guidance for the enhancement of their hardiness and improvement of their interpersonal relationships.

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Effectiveness and Acceptance of a Smartphone-Based Virtual Agent Screening for Alcohol and Tobacco Problems and Associated Risk Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in the General Population

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

The Use of Chatbots as Supportive Agents for People Seeking Help with Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

The Use of Chatbots as Supportive Agents for People Seeking Help with Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

Does sleepiness influence reading pauses in hypersomniac patients?

University freshmen's excessive smartphone use and psychological safety during the COVID-19 pandemic

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