Effect of β-tricalcium phosphate particles with varying porosity on osteogenesis after sinus floor augmentation in humans

Periodontal regeneration following application of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 in combination with beta tricalcium phosphate in class III furcation defects in dogs

“…β-TCP, which belongs to the group of bioactive bioceramics of completely synthetic origin, is well known as a biodegradable material with good osteoconductive capacity and clinical efficacy [17][18][19][20] . Recently, we demonstrated that tunnel structured β-TCP induced an increase in cells and blood vessels derived from the residual bone when compared with β-TCP composed of macropores with small connecting area, which enhanced periodontal regeneration in class III furcation defects 21) .…”

Periodontal repair following implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate with different pore structures in class III furcation defects in dogs

“…Therefore, we hypothesized that vascularization would enable delivery of cells and supply of nutrients and oxygen to the cells during the initial healing stage without the the small connecting area between macropores. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) belongs to the group of bioactive bioceramics of completely synthetic origin and has been used in periodontology as a bone graft substitute since the 1980s 1,[20][21][22][23] . At present, there are various types of β-TCP composed of macropores with small connecting area [24][25][26] .…”

Effect of a Particulate and a Putty-Like Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Bone Grafting Material on Bone Formation, Volume Stability and Osteogenic Marker Expression after Bilateral Sinus Floor Augmentation in Humans

“…Furthermore, semi-quantitative analysis of the immunohistochemically stained sections was performed as described previously [2,29,30]. The stained sections were analyzed under the light microscope by two experienced investigators with both investigators blinded to the staining.…”

“…This also included subjecting the individual scores to statistical analysis. An average score of 3.5-5 was evaluated as strong expression in the given grafting group, whereas an average score of (2.3-3.4), (1-2.2), and (0.1-0.9) was assessed as moderate, mild and minimal expression [2]. In addition, for each given marker an overall immuno-score was determined by calculating the average of the scores for all cell and matrix components examined in the central and apical areas of a given site.…”

“…The macro-, meso and micro porosity, particle size and shape, geometry at the macro-and micro scale, mechanical properties, phase purity, solubility, and application form, i.e. blocks, granules, TCP-based cements or putties, as well as the presence of polymeric and other supplements -in the case of these TCP-based cements and putties-affect the osteogenic potential and degradation properties of these TCP-based biomaterials [2,7,[13][14][15].…”