Effect of wood content in FDM filament on properties of 3D printed parts

Kariž, Mirko; Šernek, Milan; Obućina, Murčo; Kuzman, Manja Kitek

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2017.12.016

Cited by 254 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These findings are in consensus with the results of Kariz et al [22]. They investigated the effect of wood addition in 3D printing of polylactide.…”

Section: Fused Deposition Modelling Of Pla Reinforced Withsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…They were further processed by the 3D printing method Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). As shown by several researchers [22][23][24] before, reinforcement with particles or fibres can effect considerable improvement of wear resistance, if optimised processing parameters are chosen. The present work aims to study tribological properties of the completely biogenic hybrid material: PLA with biocarbon reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing and Wear Behaviour of 3D Printed PLA Reinforced with Biogenic Carbon

Ertane

Dorner-Reisel

Baran

et al. 2018

Advances in Tribology

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For the first time, biocarbon reinforced polylactide (PLA) filaments were available for the 3D printing. Biocarbon is the carbon obtained from trees, plants, and soils to naturally absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. One of the most important features is renewability. Because of this, it has been decided to reinforce PLA with biocarbon to obtain 100% recyclable material. Although PLA has been used in 3D printing for a long time, more applications like housings or structural interior of automobiles or other vehicles can be realised, if the mechanical and tribological properties are improved. Because the new PLA/biocarbon reinforced composites are degradable, they can be used as soil improvement after end of life as a structural material. The filaments were produced by compounding the biocarbon with polylactide granulate. Biocarbon was produced by pyrolysis of wheat stems at 800 ∘ C. The biomass were collected from different regions in Germany, Europe. As shown by Raman spectroscopy, the in-plane crystallite size of pyrolysed wheat stems from different regions is almost similar and amounts to 2.35 ±0.02 nm. Biocarbon particles were successfully integrated into the polylactide. Filaments of 1.75 mm diameter were produced for 3D (3-dimensional) printing. Filaments with 5 vol.-%, 15 vol.-%, and 30 vol.-% biocarbon were extruded. The fused deposition modelling (FDM) printing process was slightly hindered at higher biocarbon loading. Based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, a very homogeneous particle distribution can be observed. Single carbon particles stick out of the filament surface, which may be a reason for enhanced nozzle wear during 3D printing. Friction is more stable for 30 vol.-% reinforced PLA in comparison to unreinforced PLA and composites with lower particle fraction. This effect could be caused by some topographical effects due to void generation at the surface of PLA with 30 vol.-% biocarbon. In general, the tribological resistance increases with higher volume fraction of biocarbon.

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“…These findings are in consensus with the results of Kariz et al [22]. They investigated the effect of wood addition in 3D printing of polylactide.…”

Section: Fused Deposition Modelling Of Pla Reinforced Withsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and Wear Behaviour of 3D Printed PLA Reinforced with Biogenic Carbon

Ertane

Dorner-Reisel

Baran

et al. 2018

Advances in Tribology

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“…These improved properties compared to the 3D printed counterpart, are explained by a better homogenization in the injection molding process, leading to better cohesion of the fibers and the surrounding matrix. Kariz et al compounded wood particles into a PLA matrix and saw an increase in filament modulus from 3.27 GPa for pure PLA to 3.94 GPa with the addition of 20% of wood. Higher wood levels did not increase the properties since the polymer could not fully encapsulate the particles with as result poor bonding and limited load transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and characterization of bamboo and flax fiber reinforced polylactic acid filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM)

et al. 2018

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A new type of fiber reinforced filament materials for Fused Deposition Modeling applications has been developed. Polylactic acid (PLA), compounded with two types of plasticizer, is reinforced with bamboo and flax fibers. The fiber fractions are characterized by measuring their length (l) over diameter (d) before and after compounding so that the effect of the l/d on the final filament properties can be systematically studied. The pre‐processing and processing activities, to produce filaments with a diameter of 3 mm, are described. The porosities and the orientation of the fibers in the filament are assessed to predict the theoretical stiffness of the filament via short fiber mechanics which is compared to the experimental results. Reinforcing the PLA filament with short bamboo fibers (l/d = 4–5) increases the modulus with 91–230%, whereas the dust‐like fractions only show an increase up till 39%. The glass transition temperature of the produced filaments is also determined to investigate the suitability of the filaments and finally a demonstrator part was printed. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1951–1963, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Additive manufacturing, also known as rapid prototyping or three-dimensional (3D) printing, has received tremendous interest from different fields, such as: construction, aerospace, healthcare and many others [65]. This technique offers rapid fabrication of high-resolution, complex and reproducible constructs, through a computer-aided design (CAD [66].…”

Section: Three Dimensional (3d) Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Thermoplastic PLA/Cellulose Nanomaterials Composites

Mokhena¹,

Sefadi²,

Sadiku³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Over the past decades, research has escalated on the use of polylactic acid (PLA) as replacement for petroleum-based polymers. This is due to its valuable properties, such as renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility and good thermomechanical properties. Despite possessing good mechanical properties comparable to conventional petroleum-based polymers, PLA suffers from some shortcomings such as low thermal resistance, heat distortion temperature and rate of crystallization, thus different fillers have been used to overcome these limitations. In the frame work of environmentally friendly processes and products, there has been growing interest on the use of cellulose nanomaterials viz. cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibers (CNF) as natural fillers for PLA towards advanced applications other than short-term packaging and biomedical. Cellulosic nanomaterials are renewable in nature, biodegradable, eco-friendless and they possess high strength and stiffness. In the case of eco-friendly processes, various conventional processing techniques, such as melt extrusion, melt-spinning, and compression moulding, have been used to produce PLA composites. This review addresses the critical factors in the manufacturing of PLA-cellulosic nanomaterials by using conventional techniques and recent advances needed to promote and improve the dispersion of the cellulosic nanomaterials. Different aspects, including morphology, mechanical behavior and thermal properties, as well as comparisons of CNC- and CNF reinforced PLA, are also discussed

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Effect of wood content in FDM filament on properties of 3D printed parts

Cited by 254 publications

References 11 publications

Processing and Wear Behaviour of 3D Printed PLA Reinforced with Biogenic Carbon

Processing and Wear Behaviour of 3D Printed PLA Reinforced with Biogenic Carbon

Production and characterization of bamboo and flax fiber reinforced polylactic acid filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Processing of Thermoplastic PLA/Cellulose Nanomaterials Composites

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