Effect of welding position on properties of duplex and superduplex stainless steel circumferential welds

Bermejo, María Asunción Valiente; Karlsson, Leif; Svensson, Lars-Erik; Hurtig, Kjell; Rasmuson, H.; Frodigh, M.; Bengtsson, Per Erik

doi:10.1007/s40194-015-0245-0

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The selection of the shielding gas for GMAW welding was initially based on previous research [12,13]. However, a recent study [14] and preliminary trials in this project confirmed that small amounts of arc stabilizing components (O 2 , CO 2 ) in the shielding gas caused porosity in superduplex multi-pass welds with more than 3 passes.…”

Section: Materials and Welding Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to the Study of Multi-Pass Welds–Microstructure and Properties of Welded 20-mm-Thick Superduplex Stainless Steel

et al. 2019

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Type 2507 superduplex stainless steel 20 mm in thickness was multi-pass-welded with Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) processes. Recommended and higher arc energies and inter-pass temperatures were used. Thermal cycles were monitored using a recently developed procedure involving the successive instrumentation of the multi-pass welds, pass by pass, by addition of thermocouples in each weld pass. The repeatability of temperature measurements and survival rate of more than 90% of thermocouples confirmed the reliability of the procedure. Reheating by subsequent passes caused a progressive increase in the austenite content of the weld metal. The as-deposited GMAW passes with higher-than-recommended arc energy showed the lowest presence of nitrides. Therefore, the cooling rate—and not the time exposed at the critical temperature range—seems to be the key factor for nitride formation. The welding sequence layout also plays an important role in the distribution of secondary phases. A larger amount and concentration of secondary austenite and σ-phase was found for a larger number of subsequent passes in the immediate vicinity of a specific weld pass. The impact toughness exceeded requirements for all welds. Differences in absorbed energies were related to the amount of micro-inclusions found with the FCAW weld showing the lowest absorbed energies and highest amount of micro-inclusions. Pitting corrosion preferentially initiated in locations with secondary austenite and σ-phase. However, in the absence of these secondary phases, the HAZ containing nitrides was the weakest location where pitting initiated. The results of this work have implications on practical welding for superduplex stainless steels: the current recommendations on maximum arc energy should be revised for large thickness weldments, and the importance of the welding sequence layout on the formation of secondary phases should be considered.

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Section: Materials and Welding Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to the Study of Multi-Pass Welds–Microstructure and Properties of Welded 20-mm-Thick Superduplex Stainless Steel

et al. 2019

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“…Using the models used for model validation, the predicted yield strength according to the chemical composition variation due to dilution between the high-Mn steel and the three welding consumables, listed in Table 8, is as shown in Figure 5. Because the dilution rate varies depending on the welding position, current, speed, and heat input [40][41][42], the heat input per unit length was fixed at 10 kJ/cm. In model validation, the accuracy of the model developed through multiple regression analysis was the highest; however, the R 2 and MAPE of machine-learning-based prediction models may be lowered depending on the attributes and quantity of data points.…”

Section: Dilution and Yield Strength Of Stainless-steel-based Weld Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the models used for model validation, the predicted yield strength according to the chemical composition variation due to dilution between the high-Mn steel and the three welding consumables, listed in Table 8, is as shown in Figure 5. Because the dilution rate varies depending on the welding position, current, speed, and heat input [40][41][42], the heat input per unit length was fixed at 10 kJ/cm. The stepwise linear regression and linear SVM models showed similar trends for various material combinations and dilutions; however, they exhibited slight differences compared with the multiple regression model, which had the highest prediction accuracy.…”

Section: Dilution and Yield Strength Of Stainless-steel-based Weld Me...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Yield Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds Using Multiple Regression Analysis and Machine Learning

Park,

Choi,

Kim

et al. 2023

Metals

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Designing welding filler metals with low cracking susceptibility and high strength is essential in welding low-temperature base metals, such as austenitic stainless steel, which is widely utilized for various applications. A strength model for weld metals using austenitic stainless steel consumables has not yet been developed. In this study, such a model was successfully developed. Two types of models were developed and analyzed: conventional multiple regression and machine-learning-based models. The input variables for these models were the chemical composition and heat input per unit length. Multiple regression analysis utilized five statistically significant input variables at a significance level of 0.05. Among the prediction models using machine learning, the stepwise linear regression model showed the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value and demonstrated practical advantages despite having a slightly higher mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) than the Gaussian process regression models. The conventional multiple regression model exhibited a higher R2 (0.8642) and lower MAPE (3.75%) than the machine-learning-based predictive models. Consequently, the models developed in this study effectively predicted the variation in the yield strength resulting from dilution during the welding of high-manganese steel with stainless-steel-based welding consumables. Furthermore, these models can be instrumental in developing new welding consumables, thereby ensuring the desired yield strength levels.

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“…Welding position affects mainly heat input which is the most significant factor during any hardfacing operation since it directly affects the welding dilution. Many previous studies show the influence of heat input on dilution and wear resistance [9,10]. Zhao et al [11] have observed the influence of heat input on the grain size and hardness, and have found that higher hardness could be resulted due to finer grain size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Welding Position on Tribological Behavior of SS-309L Cladded Surface on 9Cr-1Mo Steel

Калыанкар¹,

Naik²

2021

Tribol. Ind.

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Welding position is a significant parameter for weld hardfacing operations applicable to engineering valves, coal transmission pipes in thermal power plants, mining industries, etc. Weld deposition is conducted with horizontal (1G) and vertical (3G) positions due to appropriate orientation of various engineering products. However, parameters like current, speed, travel angle, etc. are different for both welding positions. Therefore, it is required to investigate the influence of these two welding positions on tribological characteristics. In the present work, 1G and 3G weld positions are considered for SS-309L weld hardfacing on 9Cr-1Mo substrate material using flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process. Weld deposited surfaces are subjected to essential mechanical and metallurgical characterizations. Results confirm that the surface deposited using 1G position has higher slurry abrasive wear resistance (0.036 gms), lower dilution (14 %), and lower heat affected zone (HAZ) width (1.5 mm) which is significantly better than 3G position. SEM analysis shows fine elongated grains which precipitate from Cr element as nucleation site for the growth resulting in an improved eutectic matrix within fine grain structure. Wear resistance is improved in 1G position due to uniform elemental distribution of Fe and Cr observed with EDS analysis. Hence, 1G position is the best suitable position for weld hardfacing operations.

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Effect of welding position on properties of duplex and superduplex stainless steel circumferential welds

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

A New Approach to the Study of Multi-Pass Welds–Microstructure and Properties of Welded 20-mm-Thick Superduplex Stainless Steel

A New Approach to the Study of Multi-Pass Welds–Microstructure and Properties of Welded 20-mm-Thick Superduplex Stainless Steel

Modeling Yield Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds Using Multiple Regression Analysis and Machine Learning

Influence of Welding Position on Tribological Behavior of SS-309L Cladded Surface on 9Cr-1Mo Steel

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