Effect of wearing a swimsuit on hydrodynamic drag of swimmer

Marinho, Daniel A.; Mantha, Vishveshwar R.; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo; Ramos, Rui A. R.; Machado, Leandro; Rouboa, Abel; Silva, António J.

doi:10.1590/s1516-89132012000600007

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Active drag depends on the fluid surface, pressure and wave effects on the swimmer’s body and on their center-of-mass velocity fluctuations [ 17 , 40 , 42 ]. Attempts to decrease the swimmers’ active drag have been made by shaving body hair and by using specific swimsuits, both aiming to reduce body surface resistance [ 43 ]. However, decreasing active drag by minimizing frontal area [ 37 ], particularly by achieving a better body alignment, reducing the lateral body movements (e.g., hand entry crossing and hips oscillation) and lowering the limbs range of motion is likely to have a larger effect on overall drag.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Master Swimmers’ Performance and Active Drag Evolution along a Training Mesocycle

Neiva

Fernandes

Cardoso

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to analyze the effects of a swimming training mesocycle in master swimmers’ performance and active drag. Twenty-two 39.87 ± 6.10 year-old master swimmers performed a 25 m front crawl at maximal intensity before and after a typical four-week training mesocycle. Maximum, mean and minimum speeds, speed decrease and hip horizontal intra-cyclic velocity variation were assessed using an electromechanical speedometer, and the active drag and power to overcome drag were determined using the measuring active drag system. Maximum, mean and minimum front crawl speeds improved from pre- to post-training (mean ± 95% CI: 3.1 ± 2.8%, p = 0.04; 2.9 ± 1.6%, p = 0.01; and 4.6 ± 3.1%, p = 0.01; respectively) and the speed decrease along the 25 m test lowered after the training period (82.5 ± 76.3%, p = 0.01). The training mesocycle caused a reduction in the active drag at speeds corresponding to 70% (5.0 ± 3.9%), 80% (5.6 ± 4.0%), and 90% (5.9 ± 4.0%), but not at 100% (5.9 ± 6.7%), of the swimmers’ maximal exertions in the 25 m test. These results showed that four weeks of predominantly aerobic training could improve master swimmers’ performance and reduce their hydrodynamic drag while swimming mainly at submaximal speeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Master Swimmers’ Performance and Active Drag Evolution along a Training Mesocycle

Neiva

Fernandes

Cardoso

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…At a meet, a relay swimmer who cannot afford a technical racing suit may sense they do not belong because they cannot afford to purchase what other teammates have and do not look like they fit in. Physical and psychological effects of a non-technical suit may result in the athlete swimming slower (Marinho et al, 2012), which may decrease their involvement opportunities.…”

Section: Example 2 -A Relay Swimmer Who Cannot Afford a Technical Racingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Initial Participation of Diverse Communities in Competitive Swimming

Wolfrom¹,

Murray²,

Dominguez³

2018

IJARE

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This research note introduces the Initial Participation Model, which theorizes continued participation in a activity or group before individuals make commitment is a function of: enjoyment, feeling of inclusion, and/or involvement opportunities. The specific focus of this research is investigating how deficiency in enjoyment, feeling of inclusion, and involvement opportunities may discourage continuing participation in competitive swimming by underrepresented populations such as African American, Black, Hispanic, Latino, Native American, Pacific Islander and low-socioeconomic communities. Details explain how initial participation differs from other sport stages by emphasizing participation; relating to program instead of sport; and resetting each time an individual joins a new activity or group. Two examples are offered illustrating how the model may be used for identifying points of intervention that stimulate continued initial participation. Also included are specific factors constructing the model and future testing plans for validation.

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“…The Speedo LZR Pulse fabric was used in competition and swimmers wearing the suit broke a total of 46 world records, whilst at the Beijing Olympic games, 94% of the swimming races were won by competitors wearing suits made from the fabric (Stefani, 2012). This led to the international swimming federation,FINA, imposing a controversial international ban on the 'performance enhancing' swim suit (BBC, 2009;Marinho, 2012).…”

Section: Fastskin™ Was Considered a Super Lightweight Suit And Saw MImentioning

confidence: 99%