Effect of water temperature and light intensity on growth rate and toxicity change in Protogonyaulax tamarensis

Ogata, Toru; Ishimaru, Takashi; Kodama, Masaaki

doi:10.1007/bf00409008

Cited by 139 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As the optimal temperature for growth of vegetative cells in north temperate waters is ca. 15°C (Ogata et al 1987, Anderson & Keafer 1987, Perez et. al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cyst germination in the bloom initiation of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) in Masan Bay, Korea

Kim¹,

Park²,

Han³

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…As the optimal temperature for growth of vegetative cells in north temperate waters is ca. 15°C (Ogata et al 1987, Anderson & Keafer 1987, Perez et. al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cyst germination in the bloom initiation of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) in Masan Bay, Korea

Kim¹,

Park²,

Han³

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…Again, this question is somewhat difficult to address except for saxitoxins and perhaps brevetoxins. Results from several laboratories indicate a constant composition (Hall 1982;Boyer et al 1987;Cembella et al 1987;Ogata et al 1987), but other studies have found considerable variation in toxin composition with differing growth conditions (Boczar et al 1988;Anderson et al 1990a, b). Similarly, compositional changes in brevetoxin derivatives have been noted in a dinoflagellate at different phases of its growth cycle (Roszell et al 1990).…”

Section: Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Marine algal toxins: Biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology

Plumley

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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Toxic compounds are frequently, but not universally, associated with alg,al blooms. Several dinoflagellate and diatom species are capable of toxin synthesis. Some bacteria are also capable of synthesizing at least one family of "algal" toxins. Previous work on algal toxins can be broadly grouped in four categories: observations on the variability in toxin production by single species or among strains of a species, frequently as a function of environmental growth conditions; isotope feeding studies to reveal the identity of the substrates that are precursors to the toxin compounds; the genetics of toxin production; and the pharmacological aspects of toxins. Information gleaned from these studies provides a firm foundation for launching more contemporaneous research efforts to understand the biochemistry and molecular biology of toxins. The goals are to develop an understanding of the machinery (i.e. the enzymes and the genes that encode them) required to synthesize toxins, to understand how this machinery is regulated by environmental conditions, and gain insights as to how the tox n biosynthetic genes evolved and(or) have been spread through the marine community.The production of toxic compounds is a common, but not universal, characteristic of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Surprisingly, only a few HAB toxins have been characterized and these are synthesized by only a limited number of algal species (Steidinger 1993). Toxigenic algae may, however, exert an inordinately large adverse impact on other members of the community because toxins can flow through aquatic food chains in a manner analogous to the movement of carbon or energy (Smayda 1992). Toxigenic algae thus may have significant impacts on ecosystem processes as toxins affect viability, growth, fecundity, and recruitment of a wide range of organisms.This manuscript is concerned with the biochemistry and genetics of toxin production by HAB species. Most information is for marine toxins as these have been better documented than the freshwater toxins. Saxitoxins, the causative agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning, are used as a model throughout this review as they are the best characterized marine toxin in terms of biochemistry and genetics. The physiology and ecology of the organisms that synthesize saxitoxins are also better documented than for other HAB species; this information permits a more robust interpretation of biochemical and genetic data for the saxitoxins than for other HAB toxins. Inauspiciously, very little is known about the molecular biology of HAB toxins, making this topic difficult to review. The goal in writing the molecular section was to interpret the biochemical, genetic, and physiological data in a context that would encourage and arouse others to Acknowledgments

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“…Cell toxin content of dinoflagellates has been shown to be associated with changes in temperature (Ogata et al 1987, Anderson et al 1990), salinity (Parkhill & Cembella 1999), light (Ogata et al 1987, Parkhill & Cembella 1999 and nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) availability (Boyer et al 1987, Anderson et al 1990. Although all these studies have shown that cellular toxicity of dinoflagellates can be enhanced under a wide range of different environmental conditions, as toxin production is closely coupled to growth rate and there is also a linkage between growth rate and the abiotic factors, the direct link between these abiotic factors and toxin production can not be clearly separated from the effect of growth on toxin production (Anderson et al 1990).…”

Section: Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological advantages of toxin production by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum under phosphorus limitation

Guisande¹,

Frangópulos²,

Maneiro³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Unialgal and mixed cultures of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and the non-toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans were cultured under phosphate (P) limitation (<1 µM), in the presence or absence of the copepod Acartia clausi. The aim was to determine the possible effects of interspecific competition, predation and nutrient limitation on the production of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxin by A. minutum. The growth rate of A. minutum was higher in the cultures of A. minutum and copepods than in the mixed cultures of A. minutum and P. micans, which indicates that A. minutum was more negatively affected by interspecific competition than by predation. Toxin content per cell in A. minutum increased in all cultures, but toxin production rate was higher in cultures with P. micans and/or A. clausi. Toxin concentration in A. minutum increased as PO 4 3 -concentration diminished. In the mixed cultures with copepods, analyses of toxin content in the copepods showed that at cell toxin contents lower than approximately 20 fmol cell -1 , mainly cells of A. minutum were ingested by copepods, whereas at higher toxins content per cell, copepods fed mainly on P. micans. We conclude that one of the possible advantages of toxin production by A. minutum under P limitation is to enhance interspecific competition, by redirecting grazing pressure to non-toxic phytoplankton species. It would allow a possibly low competitive ability of A. minutum to be offset under low nutrient concentrations. KEY WORDS: Dinoflagellates · Phosphorus · Nutrients · Toxins · Copepods · Predation · Interspecific competitionResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Effect of water temperature and light intensity on growth rate and toxicity change in Protogonyaulax tamarensis

Cited by 139 publications

References 11 publications

Role of cyst germination in the bloom initiation of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) in Masan Bay, Korea

Role of cyst germination in the bloom initiation of Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) in Masan Bay, Korea

Marine algal toxins: Biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology

Ecological advantages of toxin production by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum under phosphorus limitation

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