Effect of water cadmium concentration and water level on the growth performance of Salix triandroides cuttings

Abstract

The growth performance of Salix triandroides cuttings at three water cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 20, and 40 mg L) and three water levels (- 40 cm, water level 40 cm below the soil surface; 0 cm, water level even with the soil surface; and 40 cm, water level 40 cm above soil surface) was investigated to evaluate its potential in phytoextraction strategies. Compared to cuttings in the - 40 or 0 cm water levels, cuttings in the 40 cm water level showed significantly lower biomass, height, and adventitious root length and significantly fewer leaves and adventitious roots. However, these growth and morphological parameters were not different among the three water Cd concentrations. Water level decreased stomatal conduction and transpiration rate but showed no significant effects on chlorophyll concentration or photosynthetic rate. Chlorophyll concentration and stomatal conductance were higher at 40 mg L Cd treatment than at 0 or 20 mg L Cd treatment; yet, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were not different. Cd concentration in the leaves and stems increased as the water level increased, but the highest Cd concentration in the roots occurred in the 0 cm water level. As water Cd concentration increased, Cd concentration in the leaves, stems, and roots increased in all three water levels, except in stems in the - 40 cm water level. Under Cd stress, cuttings in the - 40 or 0 cm water levels were characterized by a higher bioaccumulation coefficient, but a lower translocation factor, than those in the 40 cm water level. However, the bioaccumulation coefficient increased with increasing water Cd concentration in all three water levels, as did the translocation factor in the 40 cm water level. The tolerance index for the cuttings was the same among all water levels and water Cd concentrations. The results clearly indicated that the low water level increased plant growth and Cd accumulation in underground parts, while the high water level decreased plant growth but increased Cd accumulation in aboveground parts.

Modulation of the defence responses against Cd in willow species through a multifaceted analysis

“…Translocation factor was always < 1 for both species in all treatments with a decrease at the higher cadmium concentration in S. alba (Table 1). This was in agreement with Yao et al (2018) but in contrast with data reported in literature for other Salix species (Zacchini et al, 2009). Differences were significant in function of species (F= 56.69, p<0.01), metal concentration (F= 34.09, p<0.01), time of treatment (F= 47.47, p<0.01) and interaction among the three factors (F=14.73, p<0.01).…”

Rational Surface Oxidation Promoted Long-Term Cd(II) Removal Performance of Mackinawite (FeS)

“…The Cd­(II) removal performance of mackinawite nanocrystals was investigated using batch experiments. To simulate the high Cd­(II)-contaminated wastewater (e.g., metallurgy and mining wastewater), a Cd­(II) solution at an initial concentration of 30 mg/L was prepared. − Typically, the mackinawite nanocrystals (0.1 g L –1 ) were added into 50 mL conical flasks containing 30 mg L –1 Cd­(II) contaminated solution, with the initial pH adjusted to 6.0 by dilute hydrochloric acid. The flasks were then shaken at 200 rpm at 25 °C for sorption.…”

Silicon induces metallochaperone‐driven cadmium binding to the cell wall and restores redox status through elevated glutathione in Cd‐stressed sugar beet

“…The abundance of Cd for plants is influenced by a number of factors, including soil pH, redox potential, soil organic matter, and so on (Chen et al, 2016; Das et al, 2020). Besides this, Cd toxicity also disrupts gas exchange, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis damage, enzyme inactivation, and protein metabolism in plants (Naeem et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2014; Yao et al, 2018). Hence, the effect of Cd is detrimental to plants and the Cd concentration in cells needs to be adjusted to maintain plant growth and development.…”