Effect of Vehicle Operation, Weight, and Accessory Use on Emissions from a Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck

Brodrick, Christie-Joy; Laca, Emilio A.; Burke, Andrew; Farshchi, Mohammad; Li, Ling; Deaton, Michael L.

doi:10.3141/1880-14

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Various studies have shown that heavy congestion decreases vehicle efficiency and increases emission rates per mile of travel for conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, both LD and HD (5)(6)(7). HD vehicles have higher emissions rates than LD vehicles under the same conditions, largely because of higher gross vehicle weights (8). HD vehicles are also predominantly diesel-fueled, and diesel fuel has emissions characteristics different from those of gasoline (9), which powers most of the U.S. LD fleet (10).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Heavy-Duty Freight Vehicles in Reducing Emissions on Congested Freeways with Elastic Travel Demand Functions

Bigazzi

Figliozzi

2013

Transportation Research Record

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This paper investigates the effect of heavy-duty (HD) vehicles (primarily road freight) on the traffic congestion–emissions relationship. Unlike previous studies, this research explicitly considers the effects of travel demand elasticity by vehicle class on total emissions. Modeling results show that, even as a small share of the traffic volume, HD vehicles can contribute a large share of total pollution emissions, especially for particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. HD vehicle emission rates are more sensitive to congestion than are light-duty (LD) vehicle emission rates, and thus greater emissions benefits may result from mitigating congestion for these vehicles. Potentially lower travel demand elasticity with respect to speed for HD vehicles further indicates vehicle class–specific benefits from congestion mitigation. Differences between LD and HD vehicles suggest greater air quality benefits from vehicle class–targeted congestion mitigation or lane and capacity management strategies. HD vehicle travel demand elasticity is a key parameter for predicting the net emissions effects of congestion. It is strongly recommended that analysis of emissions effects from congestion mitigation strategies include class-specific volume forecasts. However, the estimation of HD vehicle travel demand elasticity values has received scant attention in the literature.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the literature related to traffic congestion and vehicle emissions has focused on can be generated predominantly by commercial vehicles (11). In addition to congestion, vehicle weight and road grade strongly affect freight vehicle emissions (8,9,12).…”

Section: This Paper Investigates the Effect Of Heavy-duty (Hd) Vehiclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Heavy-Duty Freight Vehicles in Reducing Emissions on Congested Freeways with Elastic Travel Demand Functions

Bigazzi

Figliozzi

2013

Transportation Research Record

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“…Despite the growing interest in on-road emissions measurement, there have been few, if any, studies in which the relation between emissions and fuel economy has been measured on the road. There are reports on the use of PEMS systems to measure the effect of driving conditions on in-use emissions [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Single Wide Tires and Trailer Aerodynamics on Fuel Economy and NOx Emissions of Class 8 Line-Haul Tractor-Trailers

Bachman¹,

Erb²,

Bynum³

2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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We hypothesize that components designed to improve fuel economy by reducing power requirements should also result in a decrease in emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Fuel economy and NOx emissions of a pair of class 8 tractor-trailers were measured on a test track to evaluate the effects of single wide tires and trailer aerodynamic devices. Fuel economy was measured using a modified version of SAE test procedure J1321. NOx emissions were measured using a portable emissions monitoring system (PEMS). Fuel consumption was estimated by a carbon balance on PEMS output and correlated to fuel meter measurements. Tests were conducted using drive cycles simulating highway operations at 55 mph and 65 mph and suburban stop-and-go traffic. The tests showed a negative correlation (significant at p < 0.05) between fuel economy and NOx emissions. Single wide tires and trailer aerodynamic devices resulted in increased fuel economy and decreased NOx emissions relative to the baseline tests. Decreases in NOx emissions were disproportionately larger than increases in fuel economy; however, this effect may be an artifact of the particular engine being tested. These results demonstrate that emissions reductions can be achieved using strategies that decrease fuel use and save truck operators money.

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“…Fleet wide generalization such as that hypothesized by Gajendran et al [24] and Brodrick et al [34] were invalid for MHDT. With a single MHDT, the ability to predict emissions by interpolation or extrapolation was not evaluated due to lack of data at more than two weights for each vehicle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Similarly, Brodrick et al [34] found that an X % increase in weight would result in a X 100 40 % increase in emitted NO X for HHDDT. This conclusion is valid for the average emitted NO X for a large fleet.…”

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confidence: 90%

Cycles and weight effects on emissions and development of predictive emissions models for heavy duty trucks

Vora¹

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When heavy-duty truck emissions are expressed in distance-specific units (such as g/mile), the values may depend strongly on the nature of the test cycle. Prior studies have compared emissions gained using different cycles and have proposed techniques for translating emissions factor rates between cycles. First, emissions data from the 5-mode CARB HHDDT Schedule, UDDS, and AC5080 were reviewed, with reference to each other. NO X and PM emissions were the two components of emissions reviewed. A heavy-duty chassis dynamometer was used for emissions characterization along with a full scale dilution tunnel. The vehicle test weights were simulated at 30,000 lbs, 56,000 lbs, and 66,000 lbs. For each vehicle, average data from one cycle have been compared with average data for a different cycle. When the Cruise mode and Transient mode of the HHDDT schedule were compared, it was evident that injection timing strategies affected the average Cruise mode emissions of NO X. As a result, there was substantial data scatter when mode-averaged Cruise emissions were plotted against mode-averaged Transient emissions. Moreover, the relationship between Cruise and Transient NO X was not the same for the various test weights. Correlations for PM varied widely in goodness of fit to the data. This is because PM may increase substantially due to elemental carbon "puff" which occurs when the turbocharger has not reached full boost pressure at the onset of an increase in engine load. The AC5080, originally developed for inspection and maintenance applications, showed reasonable correlation with the UDDS, although a best fit line still caused the AC5080 to mis-predict 16 out of 25 UDDS NO X values by over 20%. It was concluded that information is needed on both the transient and steady high speed emissions characteristics of a vehicle before an emissions factor can be estimated for a road link. Next, two-dimensional correlations were used to predict the emissions rate on one cycle from the rates of two other cycles. The vehicle test weights were simulated at 56,000 lbs. The multidimensional analysis using two cycles yielded better predictive correlations for the emissions than single cycle correlations. The UDDS yielded the highest distance-specific emissions and it showed similar emissions as the combination of the Cruise mode and Transient mode of the HHDDT. Weight, like transients, significantly effects the emissions of a vehicle. Its effect is different for different species. The emission of NO X , CO, CO 2 , HC and PM were analyzed with respect to weight. There were three types of vehicles analyzed: HHDDT, MHDDT and MHDGT. These Kuntal A. Vora Cycles and Weight Effects on Emissions and Development of Predictive Emissions Models for Heavy Duty Trucks v 2. Acknowledgments

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Effect of Vehicle Operation, Weight, and Accessory Use on Emissions from a Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Role of Heavy-Duty Freight Vehicles in Reducing Emissions on Congested Freeways with Elastic Travel Demand Functions

Role of Heavy-Duty Freight Vehicles in Reducing Emissions on Congested Freeways with Elastic Travel Demand Functions

Effect of Single Wide Tires and Trailer Aerodynamics on Fuel Economy and NOx Emissions of Class 8 Line-Haul Tractor-Trailers

Cycles and weight effects on emissions and development of predictive emissions models for heavy duty trucks

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