Effect of Total Sleep Deprivation on 5′-Deiodinase Activity of Rat Brown Adipose Tissue*

Balzano, S.; Bm, Bergmann; Ma, Gilliland; Je, Silva; Rechtschaffen, Allan; Refetoff, Samuel

doi:10.1210/endo-127-2-882

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that a compensatory increase in plasma epinephrine occurs when NE release is blocked by guanethidine (32), suggesting that maintaining high plasma catecholamines is vital. Perhaps more importantly, hypothyroxemia is offset by a substantial increase in activity of the type II deiodinase in BAT (2), and presumably, this adaptive response maintains appropriate levels of triiodothyronine to ensure persistent, elevated thermogenesis. Further understanding of the regulatory processes again comes from cold-adapted mammals, where changes in sympathetic activity promptly stimulate heat production during acute cold exposure or cause its inhibition with warmth (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic REM-sleep deprivation of rats elevates metabolic rate and increases UCP1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue

Koban¹,

Swinson²

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

132

124

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A cluster of unique pathologies progressively develops during chronic total- or rapid eye movement-sleep deprivation (REM-SD) of rats. Two prominent and readily observed symptoms are hyperphagia and decline in body weight. For body weight to be lost despite a severalfold increase in food consumption suggests that SD elevates metabolism as the subject enters a state of negative energy balance. To test the hypothesis that mediation of this hypermetabolism involves increased gene expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), which dissipates the thermodynamic energy of the mitochondrial proton-motive force as heat instead of ATP formation in brown adipose tissue (BAT), we 1) established the time course and magnitude of change in metabolism by measuring oxygen consumption, 2) estimated change in UCP1 gene expression in BAT by RT-PCR and Western blot, and 3) assayed serum leptin because of its role in regulating energy balance and food intake. REM-SD of male Sprague-Dawley rats was enforced for 20 days with the platform (flowerpot) method, wherein muscle atonia during REM sleep causes contact with surrounding water and awakens it. By day 20, rats more than doubled food consumption while losing approximately 11% of body weight; metabolism rose to 166% of baseline with substantial increases in UCP1 mRNA and immunoreactive UCP1 over controls; serum leptin decreased and remained suppressed. The decline in leptin is consistent with the hyperphagic response, and we conclude that one of the mediators of elevated metabolism during prolonged REM-SD is increased gene expression of UCP1 in BAT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic REM-sleep deprivation of rats elevates metabolic rate and increases UCP1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue

Koban¹,

Swinson²

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

132

124

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“…This implies that sleep deprivation may have a primary effect on the integrative function of central neural and endocrine mechanisms involved in thermoregulation. Indirect evidence points to an important role for brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a thermoeffector organ generating at least some of the excess heat (Balzano et al, 1990;Koban and Swinson, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged deprivation of sleep-like rest raises metabolic rate in the Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz)

Stephenson

Chu

Lee

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Rats respond to sustained sleep deprivation with increased mortality preceded by a rise in resting metabolic rate that may or may not be attributed to dysfunction of the thermoregulatory system. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that deprivation of sleep-like rest will lead to increased metabolic rate in an ectothermic insect, the Pacific beetle cockroach. A mild alerting stimulus consisting of a brief <1% pulse of CO2 and simultaneous 2 s rotation (1 cm motion) of the animal chamber consistently prevented the adoption of a sleep-like resting posture in cockroaches. Two groups of 15 male adult cockroaches were studied; a group targeted for deprivation of sleep-like rest (SD) was presented with one stimulus per minute continuously, and a group of stimulus controls (SC) was given the same number of stimuli per day but scheduled such that the animals received a 3 h interval without stimuli four times per day. This protocol led to significantly increased mortality in the SD group beginning on day 17(averaging 0.57 deaths per day thereafter), but not in the SC group (averaging 0.17 deaths per day throughout). Oxygen consumption(V̇O2) increased significantly after 4 weeks in the SD group but not the SC group. V̇O2 was 82% above pre-deprivation baseline after 35 days in the SD group (P=0.009). Body mass was unchanged throughout. We conclude that sleep-like rest is essential for long-term viability in insects and that prolonged vigilance leads to an increase in whole-animal metabolic rate in this ectothermic species.

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“…The most detailed analysis of sleep deprivation was based on data deriving from well designed, several-year experiments conducted by Bergmann and Rechtschaffen [22][23][24][25][26]. The experiments were performed using the diskover-water method, with a rat being placed on a disk over a layer of water, and a polysomnograph signal setting the disk into motion whenever an initiation of sleep was recorded [27].…”

Section: Total Sleep Deprivation In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

211

133

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This paper presents the history of research and the results of recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation in animals and humans. Humans can bear several days of continuous sleeplessness, experiencing deterioration in wellbeing and effectiveness; however, also a shorter reduction in the sleep time may lead to deteriorated functioning. Sleeplessness accounts for impaired perception, difficulties in keeping concentration, vision disturbances, slower reactions, as well as the appearance of microepisodes of sleep during wakefulness which lead to lower capabilities and efficiency of task performance and to increased number of errors. Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrong decisions, and emotional disturbances such as deteriorated interpersonal responses and increased aggressiveness. The symptoms are accompanied by brain tissue hypometabolism, particularly in the thalamus, prefrontal, frontal and occipital cortex and motor speech centres. Sleep deficiency intensifies muscle tonus and coexisting tremor, speech performance becomes monotonous and unclear, and sensitivity to pain is higher. Sleeplessness also relates to the changes in the immune response and the pattern of hormonal secretion, of the growth hormone in particular. The risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease increases. The impairment of performance which is caused by 20-25 hours of sleeplessness is comparable to that after ethanol intoxication at the level of 0.10% blood alcohol concentration. The consequences of chronic sleep reduction or a shallow sleep repeated for several days tend to accumulate and resemble the effects of acute sleep deprivation lasting several dozen hours. At work, such effects hinder proper performance of many essential tasks and in extreme situations (machine operation or vehicle driving), sleep loss may be hazardous to the worker and his/her environment.

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Effect of Total Sleep Deprivation on 5′-Deiodinase Activity of Rat Brown Adipose Tissue*

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Chronic REM-sleep deprivation of rats elevates metabolic rate and increases UCP1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue

Chronic REM-sleep deprivation of rats elevates metabolic rate and increases UCP1 gene expression in brown adipose tissue

Prolonged deprivation of sleep-like rest raises metabolic rate in the Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz)

Consequences of sleep deprivation

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