Effect of the Peroxisome Proliferators-Activated Receptor (Ppar) Gamma 3 Gene on Bmi in 1,210 School Students From Morelos, Mexico

Abstract

Little research has been undertaken on risk factors for obesity in young people in Latin America, including Mexico, despite the fact that obesity constitutes the number one public health problem in Mexico. Our objective was to investigate the effect of the Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)_3 gene on BMI measured among adolescents collected from a cohort study originally designed for epidemiological studies. METHODS: Blood samples and anthropometric measurements were collected from 1,210 out of 13,294 public school students of both sexes, aged 11-24 years in Morelos, Mexico. In this study, we genotyped 7 selected SNPs of the PPAR_ transcript variant 3 (including Pro12Ala) in a group of unrelated 717 males and 493 females (age range 11-24), including 3 SNPs located in the 5' untranslated region. These 7 SNPs were selected by the tagging algorithm implemented in the program haploview to scan the whole gene. We tested each of the 7 SNPs individually for association with the body mass index (BMI), and two SNPs (rs2938392 and rs1175542) revealed significant associations with BMI (p-value=0.008 and 0.029, respectively). The SNP rs2938392 is roughly 41.5 Kb from rs1801282 (Pro12Ala in PPAR_2). Furthermore, we examined the association between haplotypes built from 7 SNPs and BMI using a score statistic implemented in the program haplo.stats. While the permutation based global p-value was 0.544, one individual haplotype with a frequency of 0.279 gave a p-value of 0.089 * This work is supported by Glaxo-Smith-Kline Epidemiology † This work is partially supported by University of Bristol Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 11:467-477(2006) (permutation based). However, when the analyses were conducted in males only, the permutation based global p-value was 0.055 and one individual haplotype with a frequency of 0.28 gave a significant p-value of 0.013.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism and risk for pediatric obesity

“…The lower concentrations of adiponectin found in boys with the Ala allele were also seen in young adult males from a Japanese cohort (22), suggesting interaction with the adiponectin gene. The screening analysis using BMI did not reveal any significant association with the Ala allele, which is consistent with recent results from an 11 to 24-year-old cohort from Mexico (1210 students) (12). In summary, we found evidence of a possible effect of the Ala allele at the Pro12Ala locus in the PPARg gene on adiposity indices in boys, and SFA intake and insulin indices in girls.…”

“…This has been attempted by several groups, with largely inconsistent findings (10)(11)(12)(13). It has recently been shown that in young children (13), the Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with increased adiposity exclusively in girls.…”

Analysis of the haplotype and linkage disequilibrium of PPARγ gene polymorphisms rs3856806, rs12490265, rs1797912, and rs1175543 among patients with metabolic syndrome in Kazakh of Xinjiang Province

“…Numerous genes related to fatty acid transport and metabolism require regulation of the PPARγ gene at the transcriptional level. PPARγ gene polymorphisms are reportedly relevant to the components of MS; however, other studies have shown different results (Hu et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Jaziri et al, 2006;Gaulton et al, 2008;Cho et al, 2009;Gallicchio et al, 2009;Matsuo et al, 2009;Bego et al, 2011). Understanding the relationship of the high incidence of MS and PPARγ gene polymorphisms is important for determining the mechanism of MS occurrence and development as well as for identifying molecular markers that could be used for early diagnosis and prognosis.…”

“…This value is close to the allele frequency of rs3856806T in the Australian population (16.3%; Evans et al, 2001), is higher than that in the South American (13%; Haseeb et al, 2009), Indian (12.3%;Costa et al, 2009), and Italian and French populations (13.3%; Hasstedt et al, 2001), but lower than that among the Han population (21.2%; Liu et al, 2008). Studies examining the relationship between the rs3856806 polymorphism and MS suggest that individuals carrying the T allele show clearly reduced rates of lipid metabolism disorders and high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes (Chen et al, 2006;Jaziri et al, 2006;Gaulton et al, 2008;Cho et al, 2009;Gallicchio et al, 2009;Bego et al, 2011). We found that the individual risk of MS in the Kazakhs carrying the T allele was 0.694 times higher than that in Kazakhs carrying the C allele.…”

“…PPARγ genetic polymorphisms include rs3856806, rs12490265, rs1797912, and rs1175543, which may be associated with MS. Differences exist among ethnicities and regions with respect to PPARγ gene polymorphisms; however, the results of various studies are not consistent regarding the extent in or causes of these differences (Hu et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Jaziri et al, 2006;Gaulton et al, 2008;Cho et al, 2009;Gallicchio et al, 2009;Matsuo et al, 2009;Bego et al, 2011). Because the geographical and ethnic characteristics of members of the Xinjiang population can be used to reveal the cause of MS and thus provide a theoretical basis for its underlying genetic mechanism, this study examined the relationship of the PPARγ rs3856806, rs12490265, rs1797912, and rs1175543 polymorphisms, their haplotypes, and linkage disequilibrium with MS in Kazakh subjects in Xinxiang.…”