Effect of the diets with pumpkin silage and synthetic β‐carotene on the carotenoid, immunoglobulin and bioactive protein content and fatty acid composition of colostrum

Abstract

Forty Simmental cows were divided into four groups with 10 per group to investigate the effect of a transition diet supplemented with synthetic β‐carotene and natural carotenoid‐rich feed (pumpkin silage) on chemical composition of the colostrum. The control group (I) was fed grass and maize silage and supplemental concentrates, group II additionally received 400 mg/day/cow of synthetic β‐carotene, in group, III 40% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage to increase β‐carotene intake by 400 mg in relation to group I, and in group IV 60% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage without adjusting for β‐carotene. Colostrum was collected from the cows within 5 hr of calving to determine colostrum composition, the content of immunoglobulins and carotenoids, total antioxidant status (TAS), the content of some bioactive proteins and the composition of fatty acids. The study showed that the experimental diets had no effect on the gross composition of colostrum. The content of α‐carotene, β‐carotene and violaxanthin was significantly higher in group IV than in group I and that of lutein higher in group IV than in groups I and II. Total antioxidant status of colostrum in group IV was significantly higher than in group I. Groups III and IV were characterized by a higher concentration of immunoglobulin IgG in relation to group I. IgM level in groups II, III and IV was significantly higher than in group I and that in groups III and IV was also higher than in group II. The highest IgA concentration was observed in group IV and the lowest in group I. Lysozyme concentration was higher in group IV compared to groups I and II. The diets had no effect on the total content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in colostrum.

Importance of Colostrum for Calf Health and development: A brief review

“…The difference is probably due to the volume and type of feed given and maintenance management. Table 1 is in line with the statement of Puppel et al, (2019) that the breed of cattle affects the nutritional composition of Colostrum. Mulder et al (2017) stated that various factors can affect the quality of Colostrum produced by the parent.…”

“…Mulder et al (2017) stated that various factors can affect the quality of Colostrum produced by the parent. Factors that can influence are the type of feed during the dry period (Winkelman et al, 2008), breed of cattle (Puppel et al, 2019), age of cattle (Wasowska and Puppel, 2018), environmental factors (McGrath et al, 2016 ) and the health status of cattle (Ferdowsi et al, 2010).…”

“…Meanwhile, according to Weaver et al (2000) and Gavin et al (2018), the Ig content in Colostrum can be influenced by various factors such as the amount of Colostrum produced, birth conditions, dry period, and vaccination. Calves need fat and protein for energy needs, muscle development, growth factors, and other nutrients which are concentrated in the Colostrum of the mother (Otterby and Linn, 1981;Puppel et al, 2019). Apart from being a source of feed with a complete nutritional composition, Colostrum also contains a group of proteins that are very beneficial for the calf's body defense (Kertz et al, 2017;Nikolic et al, 2017).…”

Duckweed from a Biorefinery System: Nutrient Recovery Efficiency and Forage Value

“…The content of α-tocopherol was determined using HPLC accordance the ESA Application note [33]. Carotenoids were separated and their contents were determined using the HPLC system (Dionex) equipped with a CoulArray electrochemical detector (ESA Inc, Chelmsford, MA, USA) [34].…”