Effect of the dietary fat quality on insulin sensitivity

Galgani, José E.; Uauy, Ricardo; Aguirre, Carolina; Díaz, Erik

doi:10.1017/s0007114508894408

Cited by 130 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The PON1 5 ′ region has two sterol responsive element (SRE)-like regions, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) has been shown to bind to the PON1 promoter and increase expression ( 52 ). SREBP2 also upregulates LDLR ; thus, it is possible that the hepatocytes respond to the increased cholesterol load or a correlated elevation, such as that of insulin ( 73 ), by activating SREBP2, which then activates PON1 expression. The putative antiatherogenic dietary fl avonoid quercetin has been shown to increase both PON1 ( 74 ) and LDLR ( 75 ) expression via the SRE pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cholesterol increases paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity

Kim

Burt

Ranchalis

et al. 2012

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels have long believed to be cardioprotective ( 1 ) through a variety of processes, including reverse cholesterol transport in which excess cholesterol is taken to the liver for excretion ( 2 ). However, recent studies have highlighted the need to better understand the cardioprotective role of HDL. For example, two recent Mendelian randomization studies found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that predict plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) variance were not associated with myocardial infarction (MI) ( 3, 4 ). Moreover, a recent drug trial with torcetrapib, a cholesterol ester transport protein inhibitor, found that although torcetrapib increased levels of HDL and lowered deleterious low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, it did not affect atherosclerotic measures and paradoxically led to an increase in adverse cardiovascular events ( 5 ). In addition, a recent large randomized clinical trial did not show a benefi t of niacin in preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes, despite improved levels of HDL-C and triglycerides in the treatment group ( 6 ). These results refocus attention on the many aspects of HDL biology that are not captured by serum measurements of HDL, such as its paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, which itself is inversely associated with cardiovascular and other human diseases.The activity of PON1 , a liver-produced glycoprotein enzyme bound to the surface of HDL, is consistently correlated with atherosclerotic vascular disease and end-organ damage ( 7-9 ). PON1 is at least partially responsible for the cardioprotective inhibitory effects of HDL on LDL peroxidation ( 10-12 ), and it also has been demonstrated to hydrolyze oxidized lipid or lipid hydroperoxides in LDL ( 13 ). Inactivation of PON1 reduced the ability of HDL to Abstract HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity has been consistently associated with cardiovascular and other diseases. Vitamins C and E intake have previously been positively associated with PON1 in a subset of the Carotid Lesion Epidemiology and Risk (CLEAR) cohort. The goal of this study was to replicate these fi ndings and determine whether other nutrient intake affected PON1 activity. To predict nutrient and mineral intake values, 1,402 subjects completed a standardized food frequency survey of their dietary habits over the past year. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate dietary and covariate effects on PON1 arylesterase activity. Five dietary components, cholesterol ( P < 2.0 × 10 ؊ 16 ), alcohol ( P = 8.51 × 10 ؊ 8 ), vitamin C ( P = 7.97 × 10 ؊ 5 ), iron ( P = 0.0026), and folic acid (0.037) were independently predictive of PON1 activity. Dietary cholesterol was positively associated and predicted 5.5% of PON1 activity, second in variance explained. This study presents a novel fi nding of dietary cholesterol, iron, and folic acid predicting PON1 activity in humans and confi rms prior reported associations, including that with vitamin C. Identifying and understanding en...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary cholesterol increases paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity

Kim

Burt

Ranchalis

et al. 2012

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Several investigations showed that dietary omega-3 FAs may affect glucose metabolism and plasma lipids both in healthy people and patients with metabolic syndrome [251][252][253][254][255][256][257]. Nevertheless, overall the most representative meta-analysis performed in the last decade showed that omega-3 FA supplementation up to 5 g/day consumed for 3 months do not significantly affect insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis both in healthy subjects and diabetic patients [258][259][260][261][262].…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancer: lessons learned from clinical trials

Nabavi

Bilotto

Russo

et al. 2015

Cancer Metastasis Rev

139

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Over the past decades, extensive studies have addressed the therapeutic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) against different human diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc. A growing body of scientific research shows the pharmacokinetic information and safety of these natural occurring substances. Moreover, during recent years, a plethora of studies has demonstrated that omega-3 FAs possess therapeutic role against certain types of cancer. It is also known that omega-3 FAs can improve efficacy and tolerability of chemotherapy. Previous reports showed that suppression of nuclear factor-κB, activation of AMPK/SIRT1, modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, and up-regulation of novel anti-inflammatory lipid mediators such as protectins, maresins, and resolvins, are the main mechanisms of antineoplastic effect of omega-3 FAs. In this review, we have collected the available clinical data on the therapeutic role of omega-3 FAs against breast cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, as well as cancer cachexia. We also discussed the chemistry, dietary source, and bioavailability of omega-3 FAs, and the potential molecular mechanisms of anticancer and adverse effects.

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“…The high total and saturated fat intakes of the current sample are of concern, given that fatty acid intake is shown to influence glucose metabolism through the altering of insulin signalling and cell membrane function, with a diet high in saturated fatty acid associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity when compared with a high monounsaturated Diets of women with polycystic ovary syndrome S Barr et al fatty acid (MUFA) diet (Galgani et al, 2008). Furthermore, a review by Risérus (2008) concluded that saturated and trans fatty acids should be replaced with poly unsaturated fatty acids and MUFAs to confer benefits in terms of improving insulin sensitivity and preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Recommendation For the Modification Of Dietary Fat Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual dietary intake, eating pattern and physical activity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

et al. 2011

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Background/Objective: Diet and lifestyle modifications may be of benefit in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but there is a paucity of data on these behaviours in women with PCOS. This study aims to address this through a comprehensive investigation of the habitual diet and activity patterns of UK women with PCOS and their alignment with dietary recommendations for health. Subjects/Methods: A 7-day-estimated food and activity diary and questionnaire was completed by 210 women with PCOS for calculation of activity levels, energy and nutrient intakes and dietary glycaemic index (GI). Results: Mean (s.d.) body mass index (BMI) was 27.4 (7.3) kg/m 2 (n ¼ 183), with 53% of women with PCOS having a BMI425 kg/m 2 . Of the overweight women, approximately half were not achieving sufficient physical activity to promote weight loss. More frequent eating episodes and a lower BMI were weakly associated (r ¼ À0.158, P ¼ 0.034). Mean percentage energy from fat was 38 (7)% (12% energy from saturated fat), with 68% of women with PCOS consuming 4 35% energy from fat. Mean dietary GI was higher in obese women with PCOS, compared with healthy weight women with PCOS (55.7 (3.4) and 53.8 (4.0), respectively; P ¼ 0.043). Conclusion: Many women with PCOS are not achieving dietary intakes and levels of physical activity that optimise symptom management and disease prevention. Advice should focus on fat quality and quantity and carbohydrate modification. There is a need for further robust research into the role of dietary GI in the PCOS population.

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Effect of the dietary fat quality on insulin sensitivity

Cited by 130 publications

References 61 publications

Dietary cholesterol increases paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity

Dietary cholesterol increases paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancer: lessons learned from clinical trials

Habitual dietary intake, eating pattern and physical activity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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