Effect of the cognitive hierarchy in the systematic desensitization treatment of anticipatory nausea in cancer patients: A component comparison with relaxation only, counseling, and no treatment

Morrow, Gary R.

doi:10.1007/bf01173295

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, patients with more severe post-treatment nausea and vomiting (the unconditioned response) would be more likely to develop AN as a conditioned or learned response than patients with a less severe unconditioned response. A previous study supported the contribution of these characteristics (Morrow, 1986): AN was found to be related to the severity of patients' post-treatment nausea and vomiting, as well as to whether or not they actually experienced post-treatment nausea and vomiting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Anticipatory nausea development in cancer patients: Replication and extension of a learning model

Morrow

Lindke

Black

1991

British J of Psychology

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Approximately one in four cancer patients during the course of repeated treatments begins to experience nausea in anticipation of chemotherapy treatments. The following characteristics have been associated with the development of this anticipatory nausea: (1) patient age; (2) the experience of nausea/vomiting after first treatment; (3) the severity of nausea after chemotherapy treatment; (4) the severity of vomiting after chemotherapy treatment; (5) feeling warm or hot all over after treatment; (6) a susceptibility to motion sickness; (7) sweating following treatment; (8) feeling of generalized weakness following treatment. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend previous research linking these characteristics to anticipatory nausea (AN), with special attention to the potential contribution made by interactions of the characteristics. Logistic analyses demonstrated significant contributions to anticipatory nausea aetiology from the learning-based characteristics of nausea and vomiting presence and their severity; individual difference measures of age and susceptibility to motion sickness were also found to contribute significantly to AN development. Results support a learning theory-based model of anticipatory side-effect development as well as the potential contribution of individual difference measures of AN susceptibility.

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confidence: 67%

Anticipatory nausea development in cancer patients: Replication and extension of a learning model

Morrow

Lindke

Black

1991

British J of Psychology

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“…When nausea and vomiting occur prior to chemo therapy, they are called anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Some data indicate that relaxation training can amelio rate the gastrointestinal side effects resulting either direct ly from treatment [ 16,17], or from stimuli associated with treatment [18. 19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Effects of Relaxation during Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer

Lekander

Fürst

Rotstein

et al. 1997

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Psychological interventions, such as relaxation training, have been applied to strengthen resistance to disease. There is evidence that relaxation can modify immune parameters in healthy populations and in chemotherapy naive cancer patients. Methods: In this study, 22 patients receiving chemotherapy for ovarian cancer were allocated to relaxation training with a clinical psychologist or to a control group. After 2 months’ training, blood was sampled 2 days before chemotherapy in the patients’ homes, and at the hospital prior to treatment. Results: On average, the intervention group showed higher lymphocyte counts, and a tendency to higher white blood cell numbers as compared to the control group. No significant effects were found in proliferative responses to mitogen and natural killer cell activity after intervention. Relaxation training did not modify the magnitude of changes in immune variables between home samples and at the hospital in anticipation of treatment. Conclusion: The study suggests that relaxation training can positively affect immune parameters in cancer patients, even if training is performed during myelosuppressive therapy.

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“…Morrow's (1986) study can be seen as supporting this position in that he found that PMRT was not effective when guided imagery was not used during the infusion time; that is, Morrow's version of PMRT may have required less of the patients' attention during their chemotherapy and was, as a result, less efficacious than was this procedure in other studies in which patients did use imagery during the infusion (e.g., Lyles et ah, 1982). There is one study that did not support the use of distraction: Cotanch and Strum (1985) reported that listening to audiotapes of music was not successful in reducing the aversiveness of chemotherapy.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Etiology and treatment of the psychological side effects associated with cancer chemotherapy: A critical review and discussion.

Carey¹,

Burish²

Cancer Patients and Their Families: Readings on Disease Course, Coping, and Psychological Interventions.

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Cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic treatments routinely experience a wide range of distressing side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and dysphoria. Such symptoms often compromise patients 1 quality of life and may lead to the decision to postpone or even reject future, potentially life-saving, treatments. In this article, we discuss the hypotheses that have been offered to explain the development of such symptoms. We also review, in greater detail, the research evidence for the efficacy of five treatments for such symptoms: hypnosis, progressive muscle relaxation training with guided imagery, systematic desensitization, attentional diversion or redirection, and biofeedback. We discuss the implications of this treatment research, paying particular attention to factors associated with treatment outcome, mechanisms of treatment effectiveness, and issues associated with clinical application. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for hundreds of thousands of cancer patients diagnosed each year in the UnitedStates (Silverberg & Lubera, 1986). Its frequent use with cancer patients is the result of recent advances in antineoplastic medication; new and more effective medications have increased the life expectancy for many patients and, in some cases, have resulted in remission and cure. Unfortunately, such long-term gain can come at considerable short-term cost to the cancer patient in the form of aversive and debilitating side effects. Among the more common drug-induced side effects are alopecia, stomatitis, immunosuppression, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.In addition to these pharmacological side effects, chemotherapy patients also experience psychological side effects.Psychological side effects, which should not necessarily be regarded as abnormal or indicative of psychopathology, are those that cannot be attributed directly to the antineoplastic medications; instead, such symptoms are believed to result from psychological processes (e.g., learning) that occur in the chemotherapy context. These symptoms can occur before chemotherapy (in which case they are referred to as anticipatory side effects) as well as during and after the actual chemotherapy infusion. When they occur after chemotherapy has been administered (and while the drugs remain pharmacologically active within the system), it is practically impossible to distinguishWe wish to thank Kate B. Carey and the anonymous reviewers for their many helpful suggestions on an earlier draft of this review.

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Effect of the cognitive hierarchy in the systematic desensitization treatment of anticipatory nausea in cancer patients: A component comparison with relaxation only, counseling, and no treatment

Cited by 62 publications

References 33 publications

Anticipatory nausea development in cancer patients: Replication and extension of a learning model

Anticipatory nausea development in cancer patients: Replication and extension of a learning model

Immune Effects of Relaxation during Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer

Etiology and treatment of the psychological side effects associated with cancer chemotherapy: A critical review and discussion.

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