Effect of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on prostaglandin metabolite and oxidative stress in canine pyometra

Abstract

Pyometra, either open or closed cervix, inevitably progresses to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), if ovariohysterectomy is not done timely. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pyometra led SIRS on certain serum biochemical and prostaglandin metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (PGFM) and oxidative stress indices in the canine. The pyometra positive bitches were categorized as SIRS+ (n=29) and SIRS- (n =16) based on temperature (<100.5 or >102.5°F), respiration rate (>20/min), heart rate (>102/min), and total leukocytes count (<6×103 or >16×103 per μL). The SIRS+ bitches showed hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, decreased super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity with moderate increase in the lipid peroxidation. Further, the SIRS+ bitches had significantly higher serum PGFM concentration (6.83±0.7 vs. 4.12±0.4 ng/mL) than SIRS- and the level was influenced by cervical patency. It was concluded that elevated serum PGFM along with hyperglobunemia, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine would be useful in diagnosis and monitoring of pyometra led SIRS in bitch.

Serum concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and IL6 can predict the onset of sepsis in pyometra bitches

“…The endometrium produces PGF 2α as evidenced by a sharp rise in PGFM concentration in pyometra bitch (Heap & Poyser, 1975; Vandeplassche et al, 1991). Here, the upregulations of mPGES1 and PGFS in both P‐sepsis+ and P‐sepsis− groups and PGFM concentration in the serum of the P‐sepsis+ group as compared to control group suggest a high degree of the uterine inflammation as reported earlier in sows and dogs (Jana et al, 2009; Singh et al, 2020). Elevated expression of PTGS2 in the uterus with Escherichia coli ‐induced inflammation supports an increased PG production in the inflamed organ (Jana et al, 2009).…”

“…In open‐cervix pyometra, profuse or intermittent discharge of foul smelling, sanguineous, and mucopurulent discharge are the most common finding (Contri et al, 2015). Systemic signs such as vomiting, depression, polydipsia, polyuria, and lethargy are less severe in open‐cervix pyometra (Singh et al, 2020). Moreover, nulliparous bitches of >4 years are at a higher risk of developing pyometra (Fransson et al, 2007; Verstegen et al, 2008) than those of parous bitches of similar age group.…”

“…Pyometra often progresses to sepsis in 50% cases (Jitpean et al, 2016) leading to poor prognosis due to multiorgan damage (Ahn et al, 2021; Conti‐Patara et al, 2012). Closed‐cervix pyometra are at higher risk of developing sepsis than those of open‐cervix pyometra cases (Singh et al, 2020).…”

Secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) as an adjunct prognostic biomarker for canine pyometra

“…Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, such as pro‐inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins and prostaglandin F 2α metabolites have been observed in pyometra (Fransson et al, 2007; Sasidharan et al, 2023; Singh et al, 2020). Determining these inflammatory markers in the peripheral circulations has shown variable response in the differential diagnosis of pyometra (Dąbrowski et al, 2007; Hagman et al, 2009; Karlsson et al, 2012), and predicting morbidity and mortality (Fransson et al, 2007).…”