Effect of surface treatments and filler loading on the properties of hemp fiber/natural rubber composites

Moonart, Ukkadate; Utara, Songkot

doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02611-w

Cited by 94 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Some authors also studied the effect of incorporating NF into an NR matrix to the properties of the composites [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. These materials have exceptional properties such as being lightweight, low density, high toughness, good mechanical and thermal properties, being environmentally friendly, and higher resistance to fracture [ 10 ]. Among these, sorghum fiber has a superiority of high cellulose content leading to excellent mechanical properties [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Modelling Study of the Effect of Adding Starch-Modified Natural Rubber Hybrid to the Vulcanization of Sorghum Fibers-Filled Natural Rubber

Chalid

Husnil

Puspitasari³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Natural rubber-starch copolymer hybrid obtained from our laboratory was used as an additive for rubber compound. In this work, the effect of adding this hybrid material to vulcanization kinetics of sorghum fibers-filled natural rubber was studied. The rubber compounds were added with hybrid material at various loadings, i.e., zero to two phr and thus cured at three different temperatures, i.e., 130, 140, and 150 °C. The molecular behaviors due to the hybrid addition were investigated by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The rheological phenomena of the rubber compounds were studied by performing torque analysis in moving die rheometer. The obtained data were utilized to develop the thermodynamic modeling. The compatibility of sorghum fibers-natural rubber blends in the presence of starch-modified natural rubber were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). FTIR results show noticeable changes in the peak intensity of particular functional groups from rubber and natural fiber as evidence of molecular interaction enhancements between rubber and natural fibers caused by incorporating the starch-modified natural rubber coupling agent to rubber-natural fiber blends. The curing time for these blends was reduced with lower required activation energy. SEM images show no visible gaps in morphology between natural rubber and the filler indicating that the addition of hybrid material to the blends also improves the compatibility between the fibers and the rubber matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Modelling Study of the Effect of Adding Starch-Modified Natural Rubber Hybrid to the Vulcanization of Sorghum Fibers-Filled Natural Rubber

Chalid

Husnil

Puspitasari³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…Alkali treatment is the inseparable part during surface modification procedure of a particular natural fiber 20–21 . In this process, natural fibers were soaked in sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature with continuous stirring.…”

Section: Surface Modification Methods Of Natural Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances of natural fibers based green rubber composites: Properties, current status, and future perspectives

Roy

Debnath

Pongwisuthiruchte

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The searching of suitable alternatives to petroleum‐based fillers is an uncompromising challenge in present day rubber research. Recently, natural fibers are the part of great attention of both academic and industrial researchers due to their easy availability, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Natural fiber is cellulose‐rich material, which is preferentially used as alternative filler in rubber technology. This article reviews current advances in natural fibers filled rubber composites in terms of mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties (2010–2020). The incorporation of unmodified natural fibers as filler is not able to offer desired reinforcement in rubber composites. Several surface modification methods can be introduced to improve the overall performances of natural fibers filled rubber composites. Finally, the review clarifies present status and future prospects of natural fibers based advanced rubber composites in automobile industry. The successful designing of natural fibers based sustainable rubber composites can introduce a new era in green rubber technology.

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“…[35,36] Silane agent is recognized as an important and efficient modifier, which is commonly used in fiber treatment. [37,38] The modification effectiveness depends on silane structure and the bearing functional groups. A good compatibility of functional groups with polymer matrix results in stronger interfacial strength and good mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study about silane modification and interfacial ultraviolet aging of hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

et al. 2021

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Interfacial adhesion and the potential degradation are critical to service life and performances of plant fiber polymer composites. In this paper, the interfacial ultraviolet (UV) aging was studied by silane modification of hemp fiber on UV aging of the reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Three silane agents of 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS), N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline (PAPS), and (3-Aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APS) were selected to obtain different interfacial adhesion. The composite degradation was characterized by surface observations, surface degradations, and tensile tests. The results show that functional group of silane agent has considerable effects on UV aging of the polymer composites. For APS, the composites have higher interfacial adhesion and exhibit slower surface whitening, cracking, degradation, and less mechanical properties deteriorations than others. After 8 weeks aging, its fracture stress and fracture strain decreased of 5.3% and 8.0%, respectively. Because aniline of PAPS is incompatible with PP matrix, the composites have a relative weak interfacial adhesion and shows faster surface whitening, cracking, and degradation. While aniline absorbs UV radiation strongly and may retard the interfacial degradation, thus its fracture stress hardly decreased after 8 weeks. However, ester group in MPS absorbs UV radiation and may get degraded leading to the decline of interfacial chain slips. Thus, fracture strains of the composites decrease greatest of 35.2%. It is concluded that interfacial adhesion and potential degradation are critical in UV aging. A "suitable" modifier improves not only initial mechanical properties but also the weathering resistance of plant fiber polymer composites.

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Effect of surface treatments and filler loading on the properties of hemp fiber/natural rubber composites

Cited by 94 publications

References 66 publications

Experimental and Modelling Study of the Effect of Adding Starch-Modified Natural Rubber Hybrid to the Vulcanization of Sorghum Fibers-Filled Natural Rubber

Experimental and Modelling Study of the Effect of Adding Starch-Modified Natural Rubber Hybrid to the Vulcanization of Sorghum Fibers-Filled Natural Rubber

Recent advances of natural fibers based green rubber composites: Properties, current status, and future perspectives

A study about silane modification and interfacial ultraviolet aging of hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

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