Effect of sowing techniques on the agroecological parameters of cereal crops

Abstract

In Western Siberia, the problem of obtaining full-fledged sprouts of cereal crops is due to hydrothermal conditions in the period of sowing-shoots, pests and diseases, and agronomical methods of sowing. In case of the direct sowing of cereal crops, the most common types of working organs of sowing machines are the V-sharped coulter, chisel and disc. The effectiveness of their use in the dry steppe of the Altai Territory has been poorly studied. To establish the most effective seed coulter in 26 farms in the dry part of the region, the studies were carried out from 2005 to 2012 on seeders with double disc coulters, with V-sharped coulters of domestic and foreign production, and with chisel-type coulters. The years of research (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) were characterized by a moisture supply below the average (vegetation rainfall was 80% of the norm), and in 2012 -as an acute drought (40% of the norm). The most effective seeders in the cultivation of spring wheat in the dry steppe are seeders equipped with chisel-type coulters. They allow better preservation of soil moisture (by 17-28 mm to control) during the sowing period, improving the quality of crops, field germinating by 4.8 -12.0%, and increasing the yield of wheat. In the arid year of 2012, it amounted to 1.26 t/ha after fallow, 0.88 t/ha after peas, 0.46 t/ha after wheat, respectively, at 0.64, 0.59 and 0.25 t/ha for control (two-disc coulter SZP-3,6). Seeders with V-sharped coulters of domestic and foreign production, for wheat yields did not differ significantly, but exceeded the control under the conditions of the arid year by 0.21-0.59 t/ha, depending on the forecrop.

Productivity of Winter Wheat Cultivated by Direct Seeding: Measuring the Effect of Hydrothermal Coefficient in the Arid Zone of Central Fore-Caucasus

“…Numerous studies on the relationship between hydrothermal parameters of soil and the environment and the productivity of crops show that droughts depress the genetic and physiological systems of winter wheat plants (in terms of accumulation and attraction of assimilates, the rate of ontogenesis phases, etc.) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In arid environments, where the yields are particularly vulnerable to the slightest changes in climatic conditions, low humidity associated with high temperature deteriorates the productivity of winter wheat crops radically [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Influence of ecological farming on the community structure of epigeic arthropods in crops Triticum aestivum and T. spelta

“…The organic component consists of soil edaphon and soil humus, the presence of which is mutually dependent. As a result of anthropogenic activity, a large amount of contaminants enters the soil, which degrades plant production and reduces overall biodiversity (Campbell & Reece, 2006;Beljaev et al, 2017;Fedyushko & Babchenko, 2021). Soil is characterized by physical and chemical properties that determine the nature of the environment and influence biocenoses.…”

Induction of useful mutations in Triticum aestivum in the conditions of the radionuclide-contaminated alienation zone of the Chornobyl Power Plant

“…Wheat is one of the planet's main grasses and plays the leading role in supply of food to humans. Because of its high ecological plasticity, it is distributed broadly (Beljaev et al, 2017;Bezpal'ko et al, 2020). Wheat fields in Ukraine occupy the largest share area of agricultural lands (Ryabchenko & Nonhebel, 2016;Bhutta et al, 2019).…”