“…The maneuver of bulldozers as heavy equipment for skidding operations in natural forest areas causes soil disturbance, especially soil compaction, and decreased soil porosity [5,6,7]. Each heavy equipment track tends to compact the soil and affect the macropore and organic matter [8,9,10]. The negative impacts of using heavy equipment logging operations are increasing bulk density, reducing total pore space and infiltration rate, reducing soil permeability and water holding capacity, changes in soil structure, and needing a long time IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1315/1/012050 2 to be recovered [11,12,13,14].…”