Effect of Sodium Azide on Quantitative and Qualitative Stem Traits in the M2 Generation of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes

Abstract

The emerging oilseed crop Sesamum indicum, also known as the queen of oilseeds, is being grown globally for its oil content for medicinal and nutritional values. One of the key challenges of sesame cultivation is its low productivity. In the present study, sodium azide (NaN3) was used as a chemical mutagen. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NaN3 on quantitative and qualitative stem traits in the M2 generation of Ethiopian sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Seeds of fourteen sesame genotypes were used in this study and germinated and grown under greenhouse conditions. Different qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. Traits such as plant height, ground distance to first distance, and internode length were significantly affected by NaN3 treatment. The highest plant height was recorded in the control on Humera 1 and Baha Necho genotypes, while the lowest was observed on Setit 2 and Hirhir treated with the chemical. The highest ground distance to the first branch was observed in Gumero, while the least ground distance was recorded in Setit 1 in the treated and control genotypes, respectively. The best internode length was recorded on Setit 2 and ADI in the control, while the lowest internode length was observed in Setit 1 genotype treated with sodium azide. Genotypes such as ACC44, ADI, Baha Necho, Borkena, Gonder 1, and Setit 1 treated with NaN3 have showed glabrous type of stem hairiness. All the fourteen genotypes (both treated and control) were clustered into four groups. In conclusion, we observed a highly significant variation among the genotypes due the effect of the chemical and genotypes themselves. Hence, this report would create more genetic diversity for further sesame genetic research improvements.

Generating better leaf traits in M2 lines of fourteen Ethiopian sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes through the treatment of their seeds with sodium azide

“…The variation in the results of clustering based on untreated (3 clusters) and treated (4 clusters) genotypes was also observed elsewhere. Clustering of treated M2 lines based on stem traits has yielded four groups ( Weldemichael et al., 2021 ). Setit 1 and Setit 2 were put in the same cluster based on leaf and stem traits.…”

Treatment of seeds with sodium azide for quantitative and qualitative capsule traits at M2 generation of Fourteen Ethiopian sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes

“…The seeds were disease-free, normal shaped, dry and quiescent. The protocols used by Weldemichael et al [ 19 ], Mensah et al [ 32 ]; Herwibawa et al [ 37 ]; Smith et al [ 38 ] were used for seed sterilization. Following this, the seeds were soaked in sterile water for 16 h.…”

“…Different concentrations of sodium azide (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) were used to identify the optimum concentration of sodium azide (unpublished data) where 0.75% was found to be the optimum concentration. The procedures used in the work of Weldemichael et al [ 19 ] were applied in this study for treatment of the seeds with NaN 3 . Then, the seeds were further advanced into M2 lines by collecting healthy, clean and good-looking seeds from the M1 plants.…”

“…It is a handy strategy proved to achieve rapid genetic changes that bring about additional variability in the qualitative and quantitative traits and supplement existing germplasm for cultivar improvement in breeding programs [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ]. It was successfully employed for creating additional heritable variability in many crops including maize [ 18 ], rice [ 15 ], sesame [ 14 , 19 ], coffee [ 20 ], tomato [ 21 ] and brassica [ 22 ].…”

Moroccan sesame: Current situation, challenges, and recommended actions for its development

“…Sesame is one of the oldest aromatic, medicinal, and oilseed crops in the world and is native to tropical and subtropical regions (Kavak and Boydak, 2006). Due to its increasing export value, its production area has expanded to arid and semi-arid regions in Africa, Asia and South America (Anilakumar et al, 2010;Weldemichael et al, 2021).…”