Effect of Scopolamine-based Amnesia on the Number of Astrocytes in the Rat's Hippocampus

Jahanshahi, Mehrdad; Azami, Nasrin Sadat; Nickmahzar, E. G.

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022012000200004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The involvement of cholinergic signaling in acquisition and consolidation has been extensively described [28][29][30] . Scopolamine is an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is frequently used to evaluate the influence of cholinergic system on behavioral processes, particularly learning and memory, in various model organisms 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Object Discrimination in Zebrafish: Behavioral Performance and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits at Different Retention Intervals

et al. 2019

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The object discrimination test allows the testing of different memory retention periods. However, few behavioral endpoints have been measured in fish species such that retention is often assessed using a single parameter (time spent in object area). Here, we aimed to explore the object discrimination test in zebrafish by assessing their behavioral performance after 1 h or 24 h retention interval periods. To characterize putative interaction-like behaviors, fish were tested in the absence or presence of scopolamine (1 h before test session). Zebrafish were habituated for three consecutive days in the experimental tank and training session was performed for 10 min using two identical nonpreferred objects (black cube or sphere). After the retention intervals, a familiar object was replaced by a novel object (test session, 10 min). Fish were also exposed to the novel tank diving test to assess locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. At 1 h retention interval, animals performed more circular-like investigation near the familiar object, whereas 24 h after training session, a prominent rapid investigation was observed when animals explore the non-familiar object. Because scopolamine abolished these phenotypes, as well as the increased time spent in the novel object area during the test without changing locomotion and anxiety-related parameters, the behavioral responses described here may predictively reflect interaction-like behaviors involved in object discrimination memory in zebrafish models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Object Discrimination in Zebrafish: Behavioral Performance and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits at Different Retention Intervals

et al. 2019

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“…Scopolamine is well known for interfering with the methods of learning acquisition, memory performance and short-term memory in animals and humans [32,47,63]. The post-training scopolamine dose-dependently decreased the stepthrough latency in the inhibitory avoidance task; it shows scopolamine-induced amnesia [42]. Also, scopolamine reduced dose-dependently the number of M1 muscarinic receptor-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the male rats' hippocampus [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E can compensate the density of M1 receptors in the hippocampus of scopolamine-treated rats

Sayyahi¹,

Jahanshahi²,

Amini³

et al. 2018

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M1 muscarinic receptor plays a fundamental role in memory and is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); it has long been assumed as a therapeutic goal. By activating of the cholinergic receptor vitamin E helps with memory retention. But effects of vitamin E on density of M1 muscarinic receptor-immunoreactive (ir) neurons remain poorly understood. The present research aimed to examine the chronic administration effect of vitamin E against scopolamine-induced memory loss and the number of M1 muscarinic receptor-ir neurons of the hippocampus in male rats. Randomly, 42 adult male Wistar rats were divided to six groups: control, Sham-saline: receiving scopolamine + saline, Sham-sesame oil: receiving scopolamine + sesame oil and three experimental groups: receiving scopolamine + vitamin E with different doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 14 days. The passive avoidance task was used for the memory test. Twenty-four hours after behavioral tests, rats' brains were taken and fixed, and after tissue processing, sections were stained using the immunohistochemical technique for M1 muscarinic receptor-ir neurons and cresyl violet for neurons. The injection of scopolamine to rats caused memory impairment and vitamin E treatment could ameliorate it. In the scopolamine-treated groups, the number of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal and dentate gyrus (DG) granular neurons was decreased significantly as compared to the control group. Vitamin E treatment significantly increased neuron numbers in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus and DG area. Treatment with vitamin E for 14 days could compensate the loss of M1 muscarinic receptor-immunoreactive neuron numbers induced by scopolamine in the hippocampus. The most effective vitamin E dose was 50 mg/kg/day in this study. In conclusion, vitamin E can compensate the neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation and also it can raise the density of M1 receptor-ir muscarinic neurons after an injection of scopolamine.

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“…Scopolamine is a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that impairs memory performance and has been proposed for use in an animal model of dementia [4]. Some similarities between Alzheimer patients and scopolamine treated animals in memory deficiencies have been reported [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects of Citrus reticulata in Scopolamine-Induced Dementia Oxidative Stress in Rats

El‐Khadragy¹,

Al-Olayan²,

Moneim³

2014

CNSNDDT

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of Citrus reticulate (mandarin) peel methanolic extract (MPME) on memory dysfunction in rats. Memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (1.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally injected). Brain acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity was measured to assess the central cholinergic activity. This study also investigated the effect of scopolamine on norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin content in rat hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. In addition, the levels of brain lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) were estimated to assess the degree of oxidative stress. Scopolamine administration induced a significant impairment of central cholinergic activity in rats, as indicated by a marked increase in AChE activity. The impairment of the cholinergic system was associated with a significant alternation in brain monoamines. Scopolamine administration also caused oxidant damage (elevation in LPO and NO and reduction in GSH levels). Pretreatment of MPME (250 mg/kg, orally administered) significantly reduced scopolamine-induced alternation in brain monoamines with an attenuation of scopolamine-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress. It is concluded that administration of mandarin peel extract, demonstrating antioxidant activity, may be of value for dementia exhibiting elevated brain oxidative status.

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Effect of Scopolamine-based Amnesia on the Number of Astrocytes in the Rat's Hippocampus

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Exploring Object Discrimination in Zebrafish: Behavioral Performance and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits at Different Retention Intervals

Exploring Object Discrimination in Zebrafish: Behavioral Performance and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits at Different Retention Intervals

Vitamin E can compensate the density of M1 receptors in the hippocampus of scopolamine-treated rats

Neuroprotective Effects of Citrus reticulata in Scopolamine-Induced Dementia Oxidative Stress in Rats

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