Effect of Reserpine and Open-Ward Privileges on Chronic Schizophrenics

Placebo versus no treatment for people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…After duplicate removal, we screened 6250 records, and ultimately included only three RCTs, highlighting the lack of evidence. 7 , 8 , 9 Notably, all were conducted between 1956 and 1957, underscoring the absence of contemporary research on this question. Each compared an antipsychotic with both placebo and no treatment.…”

“…Penman allocated 80 male chronic inpatients across five arms within a 6‐month program that included both control conditions. 8 Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes.…”

“…Nobuyuki Nomura MD, PhD 1,2,3,4 Yutaro Shimomura MD 2 Yuhei Kikuchi MD 2,5 Emily Hird PhD 6 Hui Wu MD 1 Ofer Agid MD 7,8,9 Stefan Leucht MD 1,3 Hiroyoshi Takeuchi MD, PhD…”

“…Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes. 8,9 The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group (n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no-treatment group (n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo (n = 0, N = 47) and no-treatment (n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1). Our review identified only three trials from the 1950s that compared placebo with no treatment in people with schizophrenia.…”

“…Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes 8,9 . The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group ( n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no‐treatment group ( n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo ( n = 0, N = 47) and no‐treatment ( n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1).…”

Placebo versus no treatment for people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…After duplicate removal, we screened 6250 records, and ultimately included only three RCTs, highlighting the lack of evidence. 7 , 8 , 9 Notably, all were conducted between 1956 and 1957, underscoring the absence of contemporary research on this question. Each compared an antipsychotic with both placebo and no treatment.…”

“…Penman allocated 80 male chronic inpatients across five arms within a 6‐month program that included both control conditions. 8 Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes.…”

“…Nobuyuki Nomura MD, PhD 1,2,3,4 Yutaro Shimomura MD 2 Yuhei Kikuchi MD 2,5 Emily Hird PhD 6 Hui Wu MD 1 Ofer Agid MD 7,8,9 Stefan Leucht MD 1,3 Hiroyoshi Takeuchi MD, PhD…”

“…Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes. 8,9 The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group (n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no-treatment group (n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo (n = 0, N = 47) and no-treatment (n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1). Our review identified only three trials from the 1950s that compared placebo with no treatment in people with schizophrenia.…”

“…Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes 8,9 . The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group ( n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no‐treatment group ( n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo ( n = 0, N = 47) and no‐treatment ( n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1).…”

Placebo versus no treatment for people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…After duplicate removal, we screened 6250 records, and ultimately included only three RCTs, highlighting the lack of evidence. 7 , 8 , 9 Notably, all were conducted between 1956 and 1957, underscoring the absence of contemporary research on this question. Each compared an antipsychotic with both placebo and no treatment.…”

“…Penman allocated 80 male chronic inpatients across five arms within a 6‐month program that included both control conditions. 8 Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes.…”

“…Nobuyuki Nomura MD, PhD 1,2,3,4 Yutaro Shimomura MD 2 Yuhei Kikuchi MD 2,5 Emily Hird PhD 6 Hui Wu MD 1 Ofer Agid MD 7,8,9 Stefan Leucht MD 1,3 Hiroyoshi Takeuchi MD, PhD…”

“…Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes. 8,9 The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group (n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no-treatment group (n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo (n = 0, N = 47) and no-treatment (n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1). Our review identified only three trials from the 1950s that compared placebo with no treatment in people with schizophrenia.…”

“…Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes 8,9 . The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group ( n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no‐treatment group ( n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo ( n = 0, N = 47) and no‐treatment ( n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1).…”

Placebo versus no treatment for people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…After duplicate removal, we screened 6250 records, and ultimately included only three RCTs, highlighting the lack of evidence. 7 , 8 , 9 Notably, all were conducted between 1956 and 1957, underscoring the absence of contemporary research on this question. Each compared an antipsychotic with both placebo and no treatment.…”

“…Penman allocated 80 male chronic inpatients across five arms within a 6‐month program that included both control conditions. 8 Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes.…”

“…Nobuyuki Nomura MD, PhD 1,2,3,4 Yutaro Shimomura MD 2 Yuhei Kikuchi MD 2,5 Emily Hird PhD 6 Hui Wu MD 1 Ofer Agid MD 7,8,9 Stefan Leucht MD 1,3 Hiroyoshi Takeuchi MD, PhD…”

“…Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes. 8,9 The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group (n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no-treatment group (n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo (n = 0, N = 47) and no-treatment (n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1). Our review identified only three trials from the 1950s that compared placebo with no treatment in people with schizophrenia.…”

“…Sibilio et al enrolled 93 female long‐stay inpatients in a 4‐month rotating design, 9 from which we analyzed only the initial 28‐day comparison of placebo and no treatment. Of the three identified studies, only two provided analyzable data, enabling assessment of only two critical outcomes 8,9 . The risk of study discontinuation in the placebo group ( n = 2, N = 47) compared to the no‐treatment group ( n = 4, N = 47) was estimated as risk ratio (RR) = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.11, 2.35], p = 0.38; heterogeneity = not applicable) and the risk for mortality between placebo ( n = 0, N = 47) and no‐treatment ( n = 1, N = 47) was estimated as RR = 0.33 (95% CI [0.01, 7.62], p = 0.49; heterogeneity = not applicable) (Figure 1).…”