Effect of reproductive history, lactation, first pregnancy age and dietary habits on bone mineral density in natural postmenopausal women

Abstract

Among 501 postmenopausal women, 107 women were classified as normal, 170 as osteopenic and 224 as osteoporotic. Among demographic features of patients, there was statistically significant difference between the groups in age, BMI and parity (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in case of age at menopause, duration of fertility and duration of menopause (p = 0.013, p = 0.013 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, BMI over 32 and fertility duration over 33 years had a statistically significant protective effect against osteoporosis (OR 0.42, CI 95 % 0.27-0.66; OR 0.36, CI 95 % 0.24-0.56, respectively), but age was positively correlated with osteoporosis (OR 1.13, CI 95 % 1.01-1.17) CONCLUSIONS: Duration of fertility (years of menstruation) longer than 33 years and body mass index higher than 32 seem to protect against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Age is also an independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The importance of polymorphic variants of collagen 1A2 gene (COL1A2) in the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

“…AA (PP) homozygotes were also evident to have a shorter reproduction period. That must have led to negative changes in hormonal balance and in skeletal system in the carriers, since a long reproductive period is known to have a protective factor in osteoporosis development [24]. These observations were confirmed in a study carried out on a population of adolescent females.…”

Relationship between reduced exposure to estrogen over a lifetime and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

“…The left hip bone mineral density was lower in women who underwent menopause before age 40 years than in women who underwent menopause at age 50 years or older, and total spine bone mineral density was lower in women who underwent menopause before age 40 years than in women who underwent menopause at age 50 years or older and women who underwent menopause at ages 40-49 years (15). In the study by Cavkaytar et al, fertility duration over 33 years (years of menstruation) had a statistically significant protective effect against osteoporosis in women with spontaneous menopause (16). The result of the study by Parker et al supports the hypothesis that lifetime cumulative exposure to estrogens is protective against osteoporosis (13).…”

Alăptarea la sân şi osteoporoza postmenopauză

“…• Vârsta • Indicele de masă corporală (IMC) • Fumatul • Alcoolul • Activitatea fizică • Aportul extern de calciu şi vitamină D 3 • Intervalul între sarcini • Vârsta gravidei • Naşterile multiple (8,11,12) Odată cu înaintarea în vârstă, numărul osteoblastelor scade, în timp ce osteoclastele cresc în număr şi în activitate. De asemenea, un nivel scăzut de estrogeni combinat cu un aport alimentar deficitar în calciu specific femeilor la menopauză sau în cazul celor care alăptează pot activa formarea osteoclastului.…”