“…Chourasia and Tellam (1992) have reported that groundwater of irrigated areas have higher ionic concentration as compared to non-irrigated areas in hard rock terrain of central India. Many studies have found that the deterioration of groundwater quality is also due to over withdrawal (Kamra, et al 2002;Singh, et al 2002;Negrel, et al 2007) resulting in the higher salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron and other heavy metals in groundwater. Further, extensive application of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural fields, inadequate sewage treatment system (Gautam, et al 2013), and mixing of non-treated industrial and municipal effluents with groundwater (Wen, et al 2005;Rao, et al 1997;Vasanthavigar, et al 2012), decline groundwater quality.…”