Effect of prolonged duration therapy of subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows using penethamate hydriodide

Steele, Nicole; McDougall, S

doi:10.1080/00480169.2013.830350

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The presence of β-lactamases results in elevated MIC in isolates for ampicillin and penicillin, and the blaZ gene has been demonstrated among Staph. aureus isolates with elevated MIC in New Zealand (Steele and McDougall, 2014). In the present study, there was no evidence among the Staph.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities in dairy herds that differ in dry cow therapy usage

McDougall

Penry

Dymock

2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Intramammary infusion of antimicrobials at the end of lactation (dry cow therapy; DCT) is a central part of mastitis control programs and is one of the major indications for antimicrobial use in dairy cows. However, with increasing focus on prudent use of antimicrobials and concerns about emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the practice of treating every cow at the end of lactation with DCT is in question. This cross-sectional, observational study determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 10 antimicrobials for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis isolates from milk samples from dairy cows with somatic cell counts >200,000 cells/mL in herds that had been organic for >3 yr (n = 7), or had used either ampicillin-cloxacillin DCT (n = 11) or cephalonium DCT (n = 8) in the preceding 3 yr. The organic herds were certified under the United States Department of Agriculture National Organic Program, meaning that there was no blanket DCT, and minimal use of antimicrobials in general, with a loss of organic status of the animal if treated with antimicrobials. Breakpoints (where available) were used to categorize isolates as resistant, intermediate, or susceptible to antimicrobials. The MIC distributions of isolates from different herd types were compared using binomial or multinomial logistic regression.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities in dairy herds that differ in dry cow therapy usage

McDougall

Penry

Dymock

2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…This important virulence factor can lead to persistence of bacteria in mammary glands and can lead to chronic mastitis because of the low efficiency of antibiotic treatment. However, the inferior cure rates of S. aureus (27%) (Steele & McDougall, 2013) cannot be explained by the fact of biofilm formation alone. A majority of the tested pathogens showed biofilm formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro ability of mastitis causing pathogens to form biofilms

Schönborn¹,

Wente²,

Paduch³

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Research

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This Research Communication describes the study of in vitro biofilm formation of mastitis causing pathogens. Biofilms are communities of bacteria that are attached to a surface and to each other and are embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor that may result in recurrent or persistent udder infections and treatment failure through increased resistance to antibiotics and protection against host defences. In the present study 252 bacterial isolates from milk samples from bovine udder quarters with intramammary infections were examined with Congo Red agar (CRA) method and tube method (TM) for their ability to form biofilms. Both tests revealed a high number of biofilm-positive strains. Literature reports that the cure rates for Staphylococcus aureus infected udders are lower (27%) in comparison to cure rates of Streptococcus uberis (64-81%) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) mastitis (80-90%). The findings of the present study suggest that biofilm formation is not the main factor for the differences in cure rates of the various bacteria genera, because all tested pathogen groups showed a similarly high proportion of biofilm formation. Further research is needed to detect microbial biofilms on bovine udder epithelia.

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“…Richrd Steele and McDougall (2014) discovered Eubacterium spp. (40 per cent) and Staphylococcus aureus (32 per cent) as the most prevalent isolates in cases of sub-clinical inflammation in New Island.…”

Section: Mast Causing Mosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment of Mastitis (Mast) in Dairy Cows

B¹,

A²

2021

IJZI

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A drop in milk output and a drop in milk quality result in financial hardship. Farmers should discard milk from cows with clinical instances of mastitis (MAST) and cows receiving anti-infective therapy according to the withdrawal period to allow the antimicrobials to exit the cow's system. MAST also alters the structure and composition of milk, resulting in lower cheddar output and a shorter period between uses of the resultant dairy product. Due to the additional time necessary to treat MAST animals, medical and veterinary expenditures will increase, as will labour costs and dairy productivity. Veterinary government support is a matter for concern, notwithstanding the financial problems, because research reveals that MAST can be unpleasant and cause discomfort in cattle. As a result, cattle with proven clinical MAST or active subclinical MAST have a greater treatment risk. Certainly, udder medical issues are frequently referring to as one of the top three reasons for dairy cow separation. Another reason in dairy groups is low milk production, which might be linked to MAST. Harmful MAST, a severe form of the disease that causes significant aggravation and septicemia, can potentially cause cow death. The widespread use of antibiotics (ABX) raised worries about the growth of ABX-resistant bacteria, prompting the dairy industry to restrict ABX use. As a result, alternative treatments for the prevention and treatment of bovine MAST have been investigated, notably natural compounds derived from plants and animals. This study examines bovine MAST in terms of risk factors, management, and therapies, as well as developing therapeutic options for the treatment of bovine MAST.

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Effect of prolonged duration therapy of subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows using penethamate hydriodide

Abstract: This study demonstrated that bacteriological cure of subclinical intramammary infections can be increased by increasing the duration of therapy, but a number of cow and pathogen factors also affected the probability of cure.

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibilities in dairy herds that differ in dry cow therapy usage

Antimicrobial susceptibilities in dairy herds that differ in dry cow therapy usage

In vitro ability of mastitis causing pathogens to form biofilms

Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment of Mastitis (Mast) in Dairy Cows

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