Effect of practical diets with different protein levels on the performance ofFarfantepenaeus paulensisjuveniles nursed in a zero exchange suspended microbial flocs intensive system

Abstract

Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles (72 ± 24 mg), were reared in a suspended microbial flocs system and fed practical diets containing increasing amounts of crude protein (250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 g kg−1 CP). Development of microbial flocs was promoted by high aeration rates and fertilization with wheat bran and molasses. Flocs were composed of detritus in the form of flocculated matter colonized by heterotrophic bacteria, cocoid and filamentous cyanobacteria, flagellate and ciliate protozoa and rotifers. Proximate composition analysis of the suspended microbial floc showed CP levels of 304 g kg−1. After 45 days, mean shrimp survival were above 89%, with no significant differences between treatments. Shrimp fed diets with 350 g kg−1 or higher CP content achieved significant higher (P < 0.05) final weight (0.66–0.68 g), weight gain (0.58–0.61 g) and instantaneous growth rate (0.049–0.050), with feed conversion rates (2.17–2.30) significantly lower (P < 0.05). Results show that, when rearing is carried out in a suspended microbial flocs system, dietary CP levels can be kept at 350 g kg−1. Furthermore, results confirm that microbial‐based systems allow shrimp culture without compromising the surrounding environment and shows the possible reduction of production costs and fish meal dependence.

Fertilização Orgânica Com Carbono No Cultivo Intensivo Em Viveiros Com Sistema De Bioflocos Do Camarão Branco Litopenaeus Vannamei

“…No entanto, é fundamental que a razão carbono: nitrogênio (C:N) seja adequada para sua utilização. Segundo Avnimelech (1999), o aumento da razão carbono-nitrogênio torna o processo de retirada do nitrogênio inorgânico através de bactérias heterotróficas mais eficiente que a nitrificação, diminuindo rapidamente as concentrações de amônia dissolvida (Azim & Little 2008 (Emerenciano et al 2007;Ballester et al 2009). Estes agregados têm grande importância na nutrição dos camarões marinhos (Tacon et al 2002;Cuzon et al 2004) e na assimilação dos compostos nitrogenados presentes na água de cultivo, gerados principalmente pela excreção e restos de alimento em decomposição (Gómez-Jiménez et al 2005).…”

“…Portanto, os benefícios ao meio ambiente são consideráveis quando comparados aos do sistema de produção de camarões tradicional (semi-intensivo), com aproveitamento mais eficiente no uso da água e da terra (Boyd & Clay 2002). Projetos pilotos realizados em uma fazenda comercial em Belize (Burford et al 2003;Boyd & Clay 2002), nos Estados Unidos pelo Waddell Mariculture Center (Wasielesky et al 2006a;Browdy et al 2001) e na Estação Marinha de Aquicultura da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (Wasielesky et al 2006b, Emerenciano et al 2007, Ballester et al 2009Krumennauer 2011) (1987) No tratamento com fertilização de carbono não foi feita a renovação de água, apenas a reposição da água perdida por evaporação, aproximadamente 10% do volume total.…”

Bioavailability of crude protein and lipid from biofloc meals produced in an activated sludge system for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Attempts to treat aquaculture wastewater have ranged from the use of constructed wetlands (Buhmann and Papenbrock, 2013), settling basis (Jones et al, 2001;Engle and Valderrama, 2003), artificial substrates (Stewart et al, 2006;Arnold et al, 2009), bivalve filtration (Jones et al, 2001), reduction of water discharge (Hopkins et al, 1993), and more recently, use of microbial-based zero or lowwater exchange rearing systems (Wasielesky et al, 2006;Avnimelech, 2007;Ballester et al, 2010;Crab et al, 2012;Hende et al, 2014).…”

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

“…it is available as a source of food supplement for cultured shrimp (Hari et al 2004;Arnold et al 2009;Ballester et al 2010), and offer essential in situ nutrients, such as protein (Emerenciano et al 2012), lipid (Wasielesky et al 2006), amino acids (Ju et al 2008) and fatty acids (Izquierdo et al 2006;Ekasari et al 2010). Biofloc biomass in the culture system that is consumed by cultured shrimp and digested, may compensate a significant amount of protein demand, and consequently reduce the quantity of fish meal (FM) required (Burford et al 2004;Crab et al 2010;Hari et al 2004;Wasielesky et al 2006;.…”