Effect of Planting Density and Row Spacing on the Yielding and Morphological Features of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of planting density and row spacing in pea on the plant growth, yield, structural seed yield components, and some plant indices in the central-and-northern part of Poland. Field experiments were performed in 2016–2019. The study involved a Polish pea cultivar, Batuta (semi-leafless). Three planting densities were applied (70, 90, and 110 seeds per 1 m2), with two row spacings (16 and 32 cm), in four replications on 20 m2 plots There was considerable pea sensitivity to precipitation deficit; in higher precipitation years, the seed yield was almost half higher than in the dry years. There was no recorded effect of planting density or the row spacing (except in 2019) on pea yield, and their variation in successive research years was nonsignificant. Similar conclusions also applied to the protein yield; however, its significantly highest value was recorded in the hottest vegetation period with the lowest total precipitation. The deteriorating precipitation conditions across the years were accompanied by a lower number of pods per plant, the number of seeds and their weight per pod, and 1000 seed weight. Moreover, those results were not significantly correlated with the factors under study except for the planting density in HI.

Productivity of Three Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties as Influenced by Nutrient Supply and Meteorological Conditions in Boreal Environmental Zone

“…The variety Simona was distinguished from the others with the highest protein content, the protein content was very similar for the variety Ieva DS, and the variety Respect significantly accumulated the lowest content of protein. This confirms previous findings in the literature that differences in climate, soil, varieties, and agronomic practices may cause a different yield and protein content [22,32,35]. We found that fertilizers did not have a significant influence on protein content.…”

“…In a study with eight pea cultivars, it was found that seed yield had a strong relationship with weather factors and the reproductive phase was limited by stress [ 31 ]. The most important factor that determined seed yield and protein content was the sum of the rainfall over the vegetation period [ 32 ]. Kuznetsov et al [ 30 ] established a moderate relationship (r = 0.486) between pea yield and the amount of precipitation.…”

Effect of Different Row Spacing and Sowing Density on Selected Photosynthesis Indices, Yield, and Quality of White Lupine Seeds

“…In addition, the highest plant density per 1 m 2 (90 pods m −2 ) significantly reduced seed weight per plant compared to lower densities (75 and 60 pods m −2 ) by 13.5% and 9.5%, respectively. In studies by Borowska et al [23], Podleśny [26], and Prusi ński and Borowska [40], higher plant density reduced the number of pods per plant. However, Pospišil and Pospišil [41] found no significant effect of higher plant density on white lupin yield but showed that an increase in plant density above 60 plants per m 2 significantly reduced the number of pods, seeds per pod, and seed weight per plant.…”

“…However, Pospišil and Pospišil [41] found no significant effect of higher plant density on white lupin yield but showed that an increase in plant density above 60 plants per m 2 significantly reduced the number of pods, seeds per pod, and seed weight per plant. Prusi ński and Borkowska [40] indicated that the number of pods per plant and per 1 m 2 had the greatest impact on white lupin yield. Koetz et al [42] showed an increase in seed yield (18%) when the inter-row spacing was increased from 25 to 50 cm.…”

“…The highest protein content (38.5%) was obtained in 2016, while the lowest was in 2019 (32,3%). The difference in protein content and yield in lupin seeds depends on the temperature, sum, and distribution of precipitation during the growing season, which was found in yellow lupin [10], but also in peas [40] and other Fabaceae species [46,47]. In a study conducted by Prusinski and Borowska [40] on peas, weather conditions also had an effect on seed protein content.…”