Effect of Pituitary and ACTH on the Maintenance of Basal Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity in the Rat Adrenal Gland

Mueller, Robert A.; Thoenen, H.; Axelrod, Julius

doi:10.1210/endo-86-4-751

Cited by 90 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…This probably results from the longer time period required for DBH induction, as well as exocytotic loss of soluble DBH (Patrick & Kirshner,197 la; Slotkin & Seidler, 1975 (Viveros et al, 1969;Slotkin, 1973b; (Mueller, Thoenen, Axelrod, 1970;, and because the effect is usually greater for TH than for DBH (in contrast to the present findings). Further to rule out corticoids as a primary mediator of adrenomedullary developmental alterations, the effect of nicotine on brain ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was evaluated.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Development of Nicotinic Responses in the Rat Adrenal Medulla and Long‐term Effects of Neonatal Nicotine Administration

Rosenthal

Slotkin

1977

British J Pharmacology

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I The development of nicotinic responses in the rat adrenal medulla was examined at various ages from 1 to 50 days of age by testing the ability of nicotine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to deplete catecholamines and induce tyrosine hydroxylase. 2 Catecholamines were depleted 25% 3 h after injection of nicotine at all ages tested, but the degree of tyrosine hydroxylase induction 24 h after nicotine increased with age. 3 These data indicate that functional nicotinic receptors are present in the neonatal adrenal medulla before the development of functional splanchnic innervation, but that the development of the ability to induce tyrosine hydroxylase is not coupled directly to the development of secretory mechanisms. 4 The long-term effects of a single dose of nicotine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) administered to one day old rats were also examined. 5 After the short-term catecholamine depletion caused by nicotine, there were persistent elevations of catecholamines and tyrosine hydroxylase until 23 days of age; however, dopamine /3-hydroxylase remained elevated into young adulthood. 6 These data indicate that neonatal nicotine administration can produce long-term changes in adrenal catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Development of Nicotinic Responses in the Rat Adrenal Medulla and Long‐term Effects of Neonatal Nicotine Administration

Rosenthal

Slotkin

1977

British J Pharmacology

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“…PNMT levels were the least reduced. This difference may be related to the findings that the reduced PNMT activity after hypophysectomy is replaced by systemic administration of dexamethasone in adult rats (19), but not the activities of TH and DBH (20,21). On the other hand, there was no significant reduction in ChAc activity after dexamethasone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impaired Maturation of Pre-Synaptic Cholinergic Nerve Terminals in the Superior Cervical Ganglia After Administration of Guanethidine and Dexamethasone

Sorimachi

1977

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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It has been suggested that the normal development of the post-synaptic cells is critical for the normal maturation of the presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Thus the surgical, immunological or pharmacological mani pulations (1, 2) for destruction of sympathetic ganglion cells block the normal development of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc), the enzyme restricted to the cholinergic nerve terminals (3).In this study, guanethidine and dexamethasone were employed to investigate further the role of the post-synaptic cells in the maturation of pre-synaptic nerve terminals.Prolonged administration of guanethidine to newborn or adult rats produces irreversible destruction of peripheral adrenergic cell bodies (4, 5). Dexamethasone retards the normal growth of these neurons (6) with possible concomitant proliferation of adrenaline-containing neurons (7,8). This drug was found herein to have an additional growth retarding effect on the adrenal chromaffin cells, a property not shared with guanethidine (9). This agent may, therefore, provide a tool for studying the possible retrograde trans-synaptic control mechanism in chrornaffin cells.Part of this work was presented in Sendai, Japan, June 1976 at the annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODSGuanethidine dissolved in physiological saline was injected daily s.c. at a dose of 15 50 pg/g of body weight into newborn Wistar rats of both sexes and 25 mg/kg to adult male rats. Dexamethasone was injected daily s.c. at a dose of 0.1 /Ig/g into newborn rats and 0.2 ng/g to rats of various ages. The animals were sacrificed by exposure to ether. Su perior cervical ganglion (SCG) pairs and duodenum (approx. I cm length) were homogenized in 0.2-0.4 ml of 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4 containing 0.2% triton X-100 using a small glass to-glass homogenizer. Adrenal pairs were homogenized in 0.2-2.0 ml of the same solution using a teflon pestle glass homogenizer and the supernatant was used for the assay of enzymes after centrifugation at 10,000 g for 10 mnin (conventional refrigerated centrifuge).The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was determined by the 14CO2 trapping method developed by Waymire et al (10) with a 73 /tM tyrosine and a 2 mM 5,6-dimethyltetrahy dropterine concentration. The activity of dopamine-a-hydroxylase (DBH) was assayed by the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) coupled method of Molinoff et al (11) employing an optimal copper concentration. The ChAc and the PNMT activities were measured by the methods of Fonnum (12) and Saavedra et al (13) with slight modifications (14), respectively. The protein was assayed by the method of Lowry et al (15) employing bovine serum albumin as a standard. Reagent blanks included the same concentrations of triton X-100 as those in samples. RESULTSEffects of guanethidine on the activities of some enzymes in the SCG and adrenals Daily injection of guanethidine to newborn rats for 13 days impaired little the normal developmental increase of body ...

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“…* With respect to NPY-LI, an initial decrease followed by a PyrOHase activity is marked increase has been described after reserpine treatment high doses of adre- (11,35), whereas, as shown here, NPY mRNA increased with increase TyrOHase a peak on the second day after reserpine (i.e., 1 day later than nedulla (30-32)T for TyrOHase mRNA). Insulin treatment has also been nedullan (30)(31)(32). *shown to increase NPY mRNA levels, which was completely ase changed mRNA prevented by bilateral transection of the splanchnic nerve base in a differential (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Coexistence and gene expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide tyrosine in the rat and bovine adrenal gland: effects of reserpine.

Schalling

Dagerlind

Brené

et al. 1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Expression and regulation of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMTase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.28) and tyrosine hydroxylase [TyrOHase; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] and the coexisting neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) were studied in rat and bovine adrenal medulla. By using both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, PNMTase-and NPY-positive cells exhibited a close overlap in bovine medulla and were preferentially localized in the outer two-thirds of the medulla. Although TyrOHase and its mRNA were observed in virtually all medullary gland cells, TyrOHase mRNA levels were much higher in the PNMTase-and NPYpositive cells. After administration of the catecholaminedepleting drug reserpine to rats, a brief increase, followed by a dramatic decrease, in the level of PNMTase mRNA was observed in the adrenal medulla. In contrast, mRNA for both TyrOHase and NPY only exhibited an increase, whereby the TyrOHase mRNA peak preceded that of NPY mRNA. Different regulatory mechanisms may thus operate for these three compounds coexisting in the adrenal medulla.

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Effect of Pituitary and ACTH on the Maintenance of Basal Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity in the Rat Adrenal Gland

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Development of Nicotinic Responses in the Rat Adrenal Medulla and Long‐term Effects of Neonatal Nicotine Administration

Development of Nicotinic Responses in the Rat Adrenal Medulla and Long‐term Effects of Neonatal Nicotine Administration

Impaired Maturation of Pre-Synaptic Cholinergic Nerve Terminals in the Superior Cervical Ganglia After Administration of Guanethidine and Dexamethasone

Coexistence and gene expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide tyrosine in the rat and bovine adrenal gland: effects of reserpine.

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