Effect of pH on the Wettability and Fluoride Release of an Ion-releasing Resin Composite

Abstract

The effect of pH on the wettability and fluoride release of Ariston pHc was examined. It was determined that this material might interfere with plaque adhesion in the oral environment. SUMMARYThe current study evaluated the effect of pH on the wettability and fluoride release of an ionreleasing resin composite. The contact angles and fluoride release related to both finished and non-finished surfaces were evaluated. The specimens were polymerized and either submitted to finishing procedures or left unfinished, then stored for seven days at pH levels of 5.0, 5.5 and 6.8. Contact angles were measured with two different liquids (water and glycerol) and the fluoride release of the solution was determined. The results were statistically examined by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test at p<0.05. The data showed that there were statistically significant differences in contact angles between the finished and unfinished ion releasing resin composites, except at pH 5.0, when measured with water. The highest contact angles were found at pH 6.8, mainly in the unfinished group. The fluoride release showed the highest values in the finished group at pH levels of 5.0 and 5.5 and in the unfinished group at pH 5.5.

Smart Dental Materials Intelligently Responding to Oral pH to Combat Caries: A Literature Review

“…This challenge could be overcome via nanotechnology and by using reinforcement fillers in the material. In addition to NACP, tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP: Ca 4 (PO 4 ) 2 O) also releases Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− , and the release amount at pH 4 is significantly greater than that at pH 7.4 [30]. L-arginine added to the resin can also be released and metabolized by certain bacteria to generates ammonia, which can increase plaque pH and inhibit acid-producing cariogenic bacteria [30,31].…”

“…Although materials such as GIC can release fluoride ions, there has been no significant improvement in preventing secondary caries. Developed two decades ago, Ariston pHc (Ivoclar Vivadent) can release more ions at low pH with the ability of release-recharge and re-release [ 4 ]. More recently, a new generation of smart materials has been developed that can neutralize acids, release therapeutic ions, suppress biofilm growth, minimize biofilm acid production, regulate the oral microbial community to prevent caries, protect enamel hardness, trigger antibacterial activity only at low pH, and treat periodontal inflammation based on enzyme response systems [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…Polymers 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 15 [4]. More recently, a new generation of smart materials has been developed that can neutralize acids, release therapeutic ions, suppress biofilm growth, minimize biofilm acid production, regulate the oral microbial community to prevent caries, protect enamel hardness, trigger antibacterial activity only at low pH, and treat periodontal inflammation based on enzyme response systems [5][6][7].…”

Fabrication of pH-Responsive Zn2+-Releasing Glass Particles for Smart Antibacterial Restoratives

“…Several pH-responsive ion-releasing technologies have been reported so far [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Zinc is one of these ions known to inhibit oral bacteria.…”

Smart materials in dentistry

“…This highlights the potential problem which exists for many types of smart material: their smart behaviour depends upon a degree of reactivity which may not be compatible with longevity. Taking this a stage further, smart composite materials have been developed 30–35 which contain amorphous calcium phosphate particles or whiskers which at low pH provide a source of calcium and phosphate ions which may act to prevent demineralization of tooth structure and reportedly maintain acceptable mechanical properties in the process.…”