Effect of pH and calcium on lead and cadmium uptake by earthworms in water

Kiewiet, A.T.; Ma, Wuren

doi:10.1016/0147-6513(91)90005-a

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Kiewiet and Ma [18] mentioned that internal Cd concentrations in L. rubellus were lower at low pH in aqueous solutions, suggesting a protective effect. Playle et al [40] reported a significant reduction in gill Cd uptake at acidic pH (4.8) in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), also resulting from the competition between H þ and Cd 2þ at the fish gill surface.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Ca and pH on the uptake and effects of Cd in Folsomia candida exposed to simplified soil solutions

Ardestani

Ortiz²,

Gestel³

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study sought to quantify the components of a biotic ligand model (BLM) for the effects of Cd on Folsomia candida (Collembola). Assuming that soil porewater is the main route of exposure and to exclude the effects of soil particles on metal availability, animals were exposed for 7 d to different Cd concentrations between 0.1 mM and 100 mM in simplified soil solutions at different Ca concentrations (0.2 mM, 0.8 mM, 3.2 mM, and 12.8 mM) or at different pH (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0). Higher Ca concentrations decreased the toxicity of Cd (adult survival) in test solutions, whereas toxicity was slightly lower at pH 7 and 6 than at pH 5, suggesting a mitigating effect of Ca and to a lesser extent pH on Cd toxicity to F. candida. Internal Cd concentrations in the animals increased with increasing exposure level but were significantly reduced by increasing Ca concentrations and were not significantly affected by pH. By using Langmuir isotherms, binding constants for Cd, Ca, and protons and the fraction of binding sites occupied by Cd were calculated and used to predict effects of Cd on survival. Predicted toxicity showed a good agreement with measured responses when Ca and pH were used as separate factors or combined together. The present study shows indications of protective effects of Ca but less of protons on the toxicity and uptake of Cd in F. candida on exposure to simplified soil solutions, which can be described using the principles of a biotic ligand model.

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Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Ca and pH on the uptake and effects of Cd in Folsomia candida exposed to simplified soil solutions

Ardestani

Ortiz²,

Gestel³

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The test solutions containing 0.1 mM Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and 1.0 mM Na + were prepared by adding different volumes of stock solutions of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , MgSO 4 , NaNO 3 and KNO 3 to deionized (DI) water. These concentrations were selected on the basis of the average concentrations of major cations in pore water of soils (Sumner, 2000), and they were similar to the concentrations typically used in toxicity testing (Kiewiet & Ma, 1991;Li et al, 2011). Ion-release experiments were conducted at 25 C in the dark and the solution was stirred gently.…”

Section: Dynamic Dissolution Of Ag + From Agnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both released silver ions and particulate Ag contribute to the toxicity of AgNPs to earthwormEisenia fetida

Peijnenburg

et al. 2014

Nanotoxicology

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To disentangle the contribution of ionic and nanoparticulate Ag to the overall toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida, a semi-permeable membrane strategy was used to separate Ag + released from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an aqueous exposure. Internal Ag fractionation, activities of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites in E. fetida were determined after 96 h of exposure to two sizes of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs. The response of the antioxidant system combined with the content of malondialdehyde indicated that the Ag + released from AgNPs induced significant oxidative stress to the earthworms. Ag accumulated from AgNPs was predominantly associated with the granules and cell membrane compartments, whereas dissolved Ag was localized in the cytosol-containing fraction. In both Ag + exposures, two intermediates in the Krebs cycle, succinate and fumarate, were significantly elevated and depleted, respectively. A similar alteration pattern was seen in groups exposed to both smaller AgNPs (S AgNP, 10 nm) and larger AgNP (L AgNP, 40 nm), indicating that these effects in E. fetida were induced by exposure to released Ag + . In addition, unique metabolic responses including decreased malate and glucose levels in S AgNP-exposed earthworms could be associated with exposure to nanoparticulate silver. Increased leucine and arginine and decreased ATP and inosine levels were observed in L AgNP exposures only, which clearly demonstrated a size-specific effect of AgNPs. Collectively, this study provided strong evidence that nanosilver acts by a different mechanism than ionic silver to cause acute toxicity to E. fetida, but further verification under different environmental conditions is needed.

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“…As a non-essential element, Cd has been assumed to be taken up by transporters for essential elements as a consequence of lack of specificity of the transporters. It has been demonstrated that Cd follows Ca transport pathways, and Cd-Ca interactions have been reported previously (Rainbow 1995;Franklin et al 2005;Kiewiet and Ma 1991;Li et al 2008a). In polychaetes, there are few studies on the involvement of Ca channels in transporting metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake pathways and subcellular fractionation of Cd in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Liu

You

et al. 2011

Ecotoxicology

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Polychaetes have often been utilized as indicator species to investigate the impacts of pollutants, such as heavy metals. The uptake of Cd by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor was determined at varying Ca concentrations and with pre-exposure to Ca ion channel blockers and metabolic inhibitors in simulated sea water over 1 week period. The supply of Ca in simulated sea water inhibited Cd uptake and increased Ca concentration in N. diversicolor after 10 lM Cd exposure. Pre-exposure to a Ca-channel blocker (Lanthanum) significantly inhibited Cd uptake, suggesting that the uptake of Cd was exerted at a Ca channel. N-ethylmaleimide, which specifically binds to sulfhydryl groups, inhibited Cd uptake at 10 lM, implying that the transport of Cd is carrier-mediated by proteins or other SH-containing compounds. Subcellular Cd distribution analysis showed that more than 60% of the total Cd associated with the cytosolic fraction. The presence of higher concentration of Ca in simulated sea water did not impact the proportional subcellular distribution of Cd in N. diversicolor. Nevertheless, the supply of Ca could significantly lower Cd concentration in cytosol and cellular debris. The present study provides evidence that Cd transport by N. diversicolor was mediated mainly through lanthanum-sensitive Ca ion channels and accumulated by SH-containing compounds. These results help to understand the uptake mechanism and subcellular distribution of Cd in polychaetes.

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Effect of pH and calcium on lead and cadmium uptake by earthworms in water

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of Ca and pH on the uptake and effects of Cd in Folsomia candida exposed to simplified soil solutions

Influence of Ca and pH on the uptake and effects of Cd in Folsomia candida exposed to simplified soil solutions

Both released silver ions and particulate Ag contribute to the toxicity of AgNPs to earthwormEisenia fetida

Uptake pathways and subcellular fractionation of Cd in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

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