Effect of nickel and tin additions on formation of liquid phase in copper bearing steels during high temperature oxidation

Akamatsu, Satoshi; Senuma, Takehide; Takada, Yoshihisa; Hasebe, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1179/026708399101505257

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…At hot rolling temperatures above 1, 050 • C in an oxidizing atmosphere, iron is selectively oxidized leaving an enrichment of copper near the oxide-metal interface, whereby a copper enriched liquid phase enters grain boundaries of the austenite causing intergranular fracture during hot rolling. The advantages of copper addition to steels for strengthening as well as improving atmospheric-corrosion resistance has led to extensive research (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) showing that the addition of nickel in an amount equal to 0.5-1 times that of copper eliminates surface cracking. Consistent with the high Ni/Cu ratio of 1.8 maintained in our design, no hot-shortness was encountered during processing.…”

Section: Microsegregation and Hot-working Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototype evaluation of transformation toughened blast resistant naval hull steels: Part II

Saha

Jung

Olson

2007

J Computer-Aided Mater Des

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Application of a systems approach to computational materials design led to the theoretical design of a transformation toughened ultratough high-strength plate steel for blast-resistant naval hull applications. A first prototype alloy has achieved property goals motivated by projected naval hull applications requiring extreme fracture toughness (C v > 85 ft-lbs or 115 J corresponding to K Id ≥ 200 ksi.in 1/2 or 220 MPa.m 1/2 ) at strength levels of 150-180 ksi (1,030-1,240 MPa) yield strength in weldable, formable plate steels. A continuous casting process was simulated by slab casting the prototype alloy as a 1.75 (4.45 cm) plate. Consistent with predictions, compositional banding in the plate was limited to an amplitude of 6-7.5 wt% Ni and 3.5-5 wt% Cu. Examination of the oxide scale showed no evidence of hot shortness in the alloy during hot working. Isothermal transformation kinetics measurements demonstrated achievement of 50% bainite in 4 min at 360 • C. Hardness and tensile tests confirmed predicted precipitation strengthening behavior in quench and tempered material. Multi-step tempering conditions were employed to achieve the optimal austenite stability resulting in significant increase of impact toughness to 130 ft-lb (176 J) at a strength level of 160 ksi (1,100 MPa). Comparison with the baseline toughness-strength combination determined by isochronal tempering studies indicates a transformation toughening increment of 65% in Charpy energy. Predicted Cu particle number densities and the heterogeneous nucleation of optimal stability high Ni 5 nm austenite on nanometer-scale copper precipitates in the multi-step tempered samples was confirmed using three-dimensional atom probe microanalysis. A. Saha et al. Charpy impact tests and fractography demonstrate ductile fracture with C v > 80 ft-lbs (108 J) down to −40 • C, with a substantial toughness peak at 25 • C consistent with designed transformation toughening behavior. The properties demonstrated in this first prototype represent a substantial advance over existing naval hull steels. Achieving these improvements in a single design and prototyping iteration is a significant advance in computational materials design capability.

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Section: Microsegregation and Hot-working Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototype evaluation of transformation toughened blast resistant naval hull steels: Part II

Saha

Jung

Olson

2007

J Computer-Aided Mater Des

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“…A drawback of the Cu-bearing steel is that expensive Ni needs to be added to prevent the occurrence of surface cracks caused by the Cu-rich liquid phase in the grain boundary in the vicinity of the surface during hot rolling. 34) Besides, Cu is an element which is very difficult to remove in the refining process and has a detrimental effect on steel recycling. 35) …”

Section: Deep Drawable High Strength Steel Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Physical Metallurgy and Processing of Steels. Physical Metallurgy of Modern High Strength Steel Sheets.

Senuma

2001

ISIJ International

235

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Lightening of automobile bodies is required from the viewpoint of saving energy which contributes to ameliorating an ecological problem. A useful means of doing this is the application of high strength steel sheets to automobile bodies. The inferior formability of high strength steel sheets in comparison with that of mild steel sheets, however, hinders their broad application. But in recent years, many high strength steel sheets with good formability have been developed using sophisticated physical metallurgy.In this paper, the recent development of modern high strength steel sheets is reviewed paying special attention to their physical metallurgy which realized the improvement of their formability.

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“…6b, iron internal oxides do not form when only copper is present. This occurs because the near-interface region can become significantly more enriched in copper and nickel when nickel and copper are present compared to only copper [15,28]. Internal iron oxides beneath external iron oxides are commonly observed during the oxidation of both copper and nickel-containing steels [11,14] as well as in iron-nickel alloys [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 0.1 wt.% Manganese, Aluminum, and Silicon on Oxidation and Copper-rich Liquid Phase Formation in an Iron–0.3 wt.% Copper–0.15 Wt.% Nickel Alloy

Webler

Sridhar

2008

Oxid Met

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This study investigated the effect of easily oxidizable impurities on the oxidation behavior of iron containing small amounts of copper and nickel. The motivation for this work stems from a cracking phenomenon in low carbon steels known as hot shortness. This type of cracking is caused by formation of a copperrich liquid layer and is reduced in the presence of easily oxidizable impurities. This work studied iron alloys with 0.3 wt.% copper, 0.15 wt.% nickel, and 0.1 wt.% (manganese, aluminum, or silicon) oxidized in air at 1,150°C. Parabolic oxidation rates were not affected by manganese or aluminum but were decreased with silicon additions. Manganese and aluminum additions led to internal MnO and hercynite formation. These slightly increased the amount of material entrapped into the oxide. Silicon additions led to a nearly continuous fayalite layer near the oxide/metal interface that decreased the oxidation rate and therefore the amount of copper-rich liquid.

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Effect of nickel and tin additions on formation of liquid phase in copper bearing steels during high temperature oxidation

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Prototype evaluation of transformation toughened blast resistant naval hull steels: Part II

Prototype evaluation of transformation toughened blast resistant naval hull steels: Part II

Advances in Physical Metallurgy and Processing of Steels. Physical Metallurgy of Modern High Strength Steel Sheets.

Effects of 0.1 wt.% Manganese, Aluminum, and Silicon on Oxidation and Copper-rich Liquid Phase Formation in an Iron–0.3 wt.% Copper–0.15 Wt.% Nickel Alloy

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