The fabrication of amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon ͑a-Si:H/c-Si͒ heterojunction solar cell and an understanding of the fundamental conduction mechanism in the device are presented. In the first part, the effect of intrinsic amorphous silicon ͓a-Si:H͑i͔͒ layer thickness on the performance of a-Si:H/c-Si solar cells has been studied. The thickness of a-Si:H͑i͒ layer formed on n-type c-Si substrate was controlled accurately with spectroscopy ellipsometry ͑SE͒. Based on SE results, we discuss the influence of the a-Si:H͑i͒ thickness on the interface quality and thereby cell performance. Then, in the latter part, we present the temperaturedependent current density-voltage curves, in the dark, in order to elucidate the dominant transport mechanisms in a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells with and without incorporation of a-Si:H͑i͒ layers. Finally, using optimum design considerations, we obtained a solar cell efficiency of 17.43%.